PROCEEDINGS, 1915. 87 



which would otherwise reach maturity were killed. Where the Drive 

 nozzle was used 92 per cent of the budmoths were killed. 



The recommendations for budmoth control are, 5 to 7 lbs. Arsenate 

 of Lead or 2 lbs. Arsenate of Lime to 100 gals, of water, applied when the 

 leaves are the size of a t< n cent piece, with a drive nozzle, immediately 

 before the blossoms with a drive nozzle, and immediately after the 

 blossoms with either a Calyx or drive nozzle. The spray two weeks 

 after the blossoms has very little effect in budmoth control. 



FRUIT WORMS OR APPLE WORMS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 



By George E. Sanders, Field Officer in Charge 

 Dominion Entomotogical Laboratory, Annapolis Royal, N. S. 



The Fruit Worms present in Nova Scotia probably number a 

 dozen species, belonging to the general Xylina, Calocampa and Scople- 

 soma. The life history and damage done by each species is very similar. 

 On species, Xylina Bethunei G. and R. is the most common, far out- 

 numbering all of the other species combined, and its life history is in a 

 general way similar to that of all species of fruit worms so far studied in 

 Nova Scotia. 



Life History of X. Bethunei. 



The adult moth emerges in September and early October, flies until 

 winter, hibernates under rubbish in old fences, grass, etc., and is one of 

 the first moths to be found on the wing in the spring, usually being found 

 flying early in April. About one month after its emergence in the spring 

 it begins depositing its eggs on the apple. The eggs are deposited singly, 

 about one inch back from the tip, on the under side of the outer limbs of 

 the apple. The period of egg deposition covers the month of May. 

 Eighteen days after the egg is deposited the larva emerges and begins to 

 feed on the leaves. The greatest number of larvae emerge about the time 

 the Gravenstein buds begin to show pink. For the first three weeks of its, 

 existence, or until it is in the third instar, the larva feeds on leaves and 

 blossoms. At the beginning of the third instar it forsakes leaves almost 

 entirely and feeds on the fruit, eating holes in the sides of the young ap- 

 ple, usually biting into a new apple for each meal, so that the larvae may 

 do an enormous amount of damage in one season. In all,the larvae moult 

 five times and begin to pupate about July 12; pupation continues until 

 about August 5. For a week or so before pupation, the larvae revert 

 to their early feeding habits, eating as much, if not more of leaves than of 

 fruit. 



The pupa is formed in a very thin silken web, one or two inches be- 

 low the surface of the earth. The pupal stage lasts about two months, 

 the first adults emerging about Sept. 15. 



