PROCEEDINGS, 1916. 



in Canada — probably in America. The pecuniary advantage to you ik so small that 

 this extra effort and expense on your part is the clearest proof of your patriotic spirit. 

 You are doing it from the pride of excelling in your profession, and from the belief that 

 you are thus becoming more useful to your country. And so yor are. You may not 

 reap an equivalent in increased salaries but you will have the satisfaction of feeling that 

 your country owes you more than you owe it. And all the wise people developed under 

 your influence will for ever afterwards bear testimony in their careers, as well as in their 

 words, of your valuable service in training them to see and think to advantage. Suoh 

 people as you are the real builders of a progressive and happy country. 



SOME RESULTS FROM A FEW COMBINATION SPRAYS IN 1916. 



By W. H. Brittain. 



THE following paper records the results of some spraying experiments conducted 

 under the direction of the writer in some small orchards in Digby Co., using 

 various combinations of fungicides and insecticides. In addition to the 

 four regular summer sprays, ordinarily recommended these orchards received one 

 or two additional sprays for the apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella), a pest that 

 has been abundant and destructive in these orchards for a number of years. These 

 special sprays applied for this insect were of arsenicals alone, without the addition of a 

 fungicide. The apple maggot is not a pest ordinarily met with in the commercial or- 

 chards of the main fruit belt of Nova Scotia, and the results of the control experiments 

 directed against it are published elsewhere. For these reasons only the effects of the 

 four regular sprays are considered in this paper. These sprays were applied at the fol- 

 lowing periods: 



1. When the leaf buds were just beginning to open out. 



2. Just before the blossoms opened. 



3. Just after the blossoms fell. 



4. Two weeks later than the third spray. 



In addition to the foregoing the results obtained by one fruit grower, viz: Mr. John 

 Buchanan, of Waterville, Kings Co., are given for the reasons that he used a very weak 

 solution of Bordeaux mixture, employing an excessive quantity of lime, and this mater- 

 ial was not used in any of our own experiments. Those of another grower, Mr. William 

 Bishop of Williamston, Annapolis Co., are also given, as he tested two combinations 

 against each other in his own orchard. These orchards received only the four regular 

 summer sprays. 



Table No. 1 summarizes the t eatment given the different orchards. Numbers 1 

 to 4 inclusive were sprayed under the direct supervision of the writer. No. 5 is Mr. 

 Buchanan's orchard, and No. 6, Mr. Bishop's. In the cases where lime sulphur was used 

 the dilutions given are for the ordinary commercial product.testing 33 degrees Beaume. 

 A power outfit was used in all the orchards except No. 4, where only an ordinary barrel 

 ,pump was available. 



