60 N.S. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



and the rudimentary wings is plainly visible on the ventral surface of the pupal case. 

 The general color of the female pupa is rather lighter than the average male pupa. The 

 pupal period of the female (from the last moult to emergence) varied from seven to 

 twelve days, the pupal period of the larvae that only moult four times before spinning 

 being considerably longer than those moulting five times before spinning. (See chart). 



THE ADULT. 



The adult moths do not feed. The wingless female on emerging seldom left the old 

 cocoon but remained hanging to it until she had deposited her eggs, which were laid 

 on the edge and sometimes over the whole surface of the cocoon. If the male moth was 

 present copulation took place shortly after emergence and lasted from twenty to thirty 

 five minutes. The male moths were attracted in large numbers by the females. In 

 this experiment one or two female moths in the insectary attracted large numbers of 

 males to the wire screen. It was not at all uncommon for a female moth to be fertilized 

 by more than one male, the greatest number observed in this instance being three. The 

 female moth started depositing her eggs from forty-five to fifty-five minutes after copu- 

 lation had taken place, and the egg laying period lasted from two to three days. Most 

 of the eggs were laid the first day, some the second, and very few, if any, the third. Dur- 

 ing the process of depositing her eggs the female shrivelled up to about one third the 

 original size and sometimes smaller. If no male was present the female moth would 

 hang to the old cocoon for several days, finally depositing a few sterile eggs in bunches 

 and then dropping to the ground. Occasionally the eggs were laid in the same manner 

 as by the fertilized female. 



The Male Moth has a wing expansion of 25mm.-28mm. The wings are of a rusty 

 brown color, the fore wings crossed by two broad wavy bands, one near the body, the 

 other on the outer edge. On each side of the light area between the dark bands are two 

 dark wavy lines, and near the anal angle there is a distinct white crescent mark- 

 ing. The antennae are 4mm. -5mm. in length, broadly feathered and of a brownish color. 

 The period between emergence and death was from five to seven days, while the total 

 length of life was from seventy to seventy-three days. 



The Female Moth is without wings and measures 12mm.-15mm. in length and 8 

 mm.-lOmm. in width. There are rudimentary wing-pads present. The thorax and 

 abdomen are not separate but fused into one, causing the female moth to resemble 

 a sack of eggs. The body is grayish black in color covered with short yellowish gray 

 hairs, but dorsally the female appears to have a dark longitudinal stripe which is caused 

 by the more scanty covering of hairs allowing the body color to show through. 

 The antennae are 3mm. -4mm. in length, thread like and slightly feathered. The period 

 between emergence and death was considerably longer than that of the male, varying 

 from ten to twenty-two days, and the total length of life was from seventy to ninety 

 days. 



FOOD PLANTS. 



The insect will feed upon the foliage of almost every kind of tree. In this ex- 

 periment larvae were fed on apple, pear, plum, thorn, quince, cherry, birch, oak, beech, 

 alder, poplar, elm, ash, maple, willow and rose. With these sixteen varieties of plants 

 there was apparently no difference in the feeding habits. 



NATURAL ENEMIES. 



Parasites of the egg, larval and pupal stages of the insect were reared during this 

 experiment but at the time of writing the egg parasites have not been determined. The 

 pupal parasites are as follows: -Scambus inquisitot iellus Dalla Tone and Scambus inda- 



