PROCEEDINGS, 1917. 67 



surface of the pupal case. The general color of the female pupa is similar to that of the 

 male. The duration of the pupal period of the females (from the last moult to emerg- 

 ence) varied from nine to twenty days. 



THE ADULT. 



In their habits the adults of theH. leucostigmawere identical with N. antiqua in the 

 case of both the males and the females. In one experiment a single female placed in a 

 tumbler covered with cheese cloth attracted thirty-two males in two days and was 

 then observed to copulate with seven males before laying her eggs. The egg laying per- 

 iod lasted only two days, most of the eggs being laid on the first day. As they were 

 laid the eggs were covered with a frothy white substance, which later became very hard 

 and insoluble. 



The Male Moth is ashy gray in color and has a wing expanse of 20 mm.-30mm. 

 The fore wings are crossed by wavy bands of darker shades and bear a conspicuous 

 white spot near the anal angle; the hind wings are unicolorous, of a grayish brown. The 

 thorax is gray covered with longish gray hairs while the abdomen is covered with short- 

 er hairs. The body is 10 mm.-13mm. in length. The antennae are 5 mm. -6mm. long, 

 broadly feathered and of a grayish color. The duration of the adult stage was from six 

 to twelve days, while the total length of life was sixty to eighty days. 



The Female Moth is wingless and measures 15 mm.-18mm. in length by 8mm.- 

 10mm. in width at the widest part. Very short rudimentary wing pads are present 

 on the thorax. The thorax and abdomen appear as fused into one, giving a fat grub 

 like appearance. The body is clothed with short grayish black hairs and resembles 

 very closely the female of Notolophus antiqua. Dorsally a broad dark stripe is apparent , 

 which, however, is caused by the hairs on the dorsum being less numerous and the body 

 colors showing through. The antennae are 2 mm.-3 mm. in length and very slightly 

 feathered. The duration of the adult stage in the female was generally longer than that 

 of the male, varying from nine to sixteen days, and the total length of life was from 

 seventy to ninety days. 



FOOD PLANTS. 



The insect is a very general feeder and will consume the foliage of practically any 

 deciduous trees; when in large numbers they have been known to feed extensively on 

 coniferous trees such as spruce, fir and pine. 



Nature and Extent of Injury. — It is during the larval stage of this insect that 

 the injury occurs, consisting of two forms, the destruction of foliage and the gnawing of 

 holes in fruit, particularly in the sides of growing apples. This latter form of injury is 

 not uncommon; quite frequently after the second or third instar the young larvae will 

 cease to feed on the foliage and attack the young apples, eating out large areas on a sin- 

 gle fruit. In two large orchards under observation this season (1917) the insect has 

 rendered unmarketable at least one thousand barrels of fruit. 



NATURAL ENEMIES. 



A number of parasites of the insect were reared during the experiments; those at- 

 tacking the pupal stage were Scambus inquisitor iellus Dalla Torre, Scambus indagatrix 

 Walsh, Tachina mella Walker and Rogas intermedias Cresson (?) One larval parasite was 

 observed viz. Cratotechus orgyiae (?) Fitch. Two egg parasites were also reared but at 

 present have not been determined. The two predacous bugs Podius serieventris Uhler, 

 and Podisus maciliventris Uhler as described in the article on the rusty tussock attack 

 the larval stages of this insect in a similar manner. 



