58 N. S. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



ing over a longer period. The former usually appears quite 

 suddenly, appearing in most cases, some time after the applica- 

 tion of the last spray. In severe cases it may be followed by 

 partial defoliation and drop of the fruit. It is therefore more 

 serious in its effect than that due to ordinary Bordeaux mix- 

 ture. 



As regards the russetting of the fruit, a large excess of lime 

 materially reduces the injury, though it does not altogether 

 eliminate it. The russetting is usually very slight, being after 

 the type known as "netting". It does not materially affect the 

 quality of the fruit nor lower the grade under the "Canada 

 Fruit Marks Act," but it would naturally be an advantage if 

 we could retain the advantages of this excess lime Bordeaux 

 and at the same time secure the entire freedom from russetting 

 and fine waxy finish characteristic of sulphide sprays. Our 

 experiments indicate that by substituting sodium polysulphide 

 ("soluble sulphur") 1 lb. to 40 gals, of water in the third spray, 

 the so-called "calyx spray,"the russetting is either eliminated 

 entirely or greatly reduced in amount. To this should be 

 added fib. of calcium arsenate (40% AS 2 5 ) for biting in- 

 sects, and 5 lbs. hydrated lime to prevent injury from this ar- 

 senical. A similar schedule using ordinary Bordeaux, still 

 showed considerable amount of moderate russetting of the 

 fruit'. Experiments with single applications of both ordinary 

 and 2-10-40 Bordeaux at each of the four spraying periods, 

 show that the maximum amount of russetting is caused by the 

 third application. They do not show a single exception to the 

 rule that the russetting caused by ordinary Bordeaux effects a 

 greater percentage of the crop and is more severe than that 

 caused by the 2-10-40 Bordeaux. The disadvantage of modi- 

 fying the formula as explained in the foregoing is that sodium 

 polysulphide in the strength recommended, is somewhat inferior 

 in fungicidal value to either 3-10-40 or 2-10-40 Bordeaux. Un- 

 der field conditions it is only required to act for a short time and 

 therefore, under ordinary circumstances, this point need not 

 be considered important. There are cases, however, where it 

 might make a considerable difference. 



As a fungicide, this excess lime Bordeaux has shown up 

 well in commercial orchard practice. The mixture has been 

 used on a large scale, and, in every case observed by us, with ex- 

 cellent results. Tested experimentally against sulphide sprays 

 used in the regular recommended strength, 2-10-40 Bordeaux 

 and 3-10-40 Bordeaux always compare favorably. In an or- 

 chard in New Brunswick for example, on trees of the Macln- 



