74 N. S. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



preventing many fungous diseases. It was first recommended 

 in America in 1885. 



Bordeaux mixture is used throughout the world, and is the 

 best known fungicide, at the present time. Any combination of 

 lime and copper sulphate is termed Bordeaux mixture. The for- 

 mulae used for making it are many and vary from an acid mix- 

 ture of copper sulphate and lime water, to a mixture contain- 

 ing four or five times as much lime as copper sulphate. In 

 America equal parts of copper sulphate and lime are almost 

 always used. 



In Nova Scotia, Bordeaux mixture of equal parts of copper 

 sulphate and lime is used on the potato. On the apple a mix- 

 ture containing from three to five times as much lime as copper 

 sulphate, is in fairly general use throughout the orcharding 

 districts. This controls fungus well and is the least injurious 

 of Bordeaux modifications on apple foliage. 



Lime-Sulphur. 



Lime-sulphur is much older than is generally supposed. It 

 was made in 1851 by Grison, the head gardener of the vege- 

 table houses at Versailles, France. He boiled together sulphur 

 and lime, drew off the clear liquid and stored it in bottles. The 

 mixture was used for surface mildews. The claim is made that 

 the combination was used in England in 1845, a still earlier date. 

 However lime-sulphur did not become known from these sources, 

 but was later developed entirely independently, in California. 

 Orchards in California were seriously threatened with the San 

 Jose Scale, and in 1886 lime-sulphur was first tried as a remedy. 

 Lime-sulphur was at that time used as a sheep dip, and after 

 being tried as a dormant spray, it became variously modified 

 in formula. Generally salt was included as a constituent. As 

 the San Jose' Scale spread eastward, so did the use of lime- 

 sulphur, becoming established in the east between 1894 and 

 1901. Later the commercial concentrated lime-sulphur be- 

 came manufactured, and in Oregon in 1907 lime-sulphur was 

 used as a fungicide and as a summer spray. It became very 

 popular through all orcharding districts in America, and to a 

 large extent displaced Bordeaux mixture. 



At present lime-sulphur is used as a dormant spray wher- 

 ever the San Jose Scale is prevalent. It is also the most 

 widely used summer spray in American orchards. 



In Nova Scotia lime-sulphur came into general use in the 



