96 



The young larva of Eknchiis (PL IV, 3 and 4) in general 

 resembles this, the legs being long, the eye spots large, and the 

 pair of apical abdomnial setae very long. All the legs however 

 terminate in a long curved spine or seta, the two anterior pairs 

 not differing much from the posterior. The ventral surface is 

 much depressed, the dorsal convex. Each abdominal segment 

 has a minute seta at the side, and on either side close to the 

 middle line is an additional row of setae. 



In the Australian subgenus Bniesia the larva (PI. IV, i and 

 2) is larger than that of Elcnchns, generally more parallel- 

 sided, but both it and Elcnchns are subject to considerable 

 variation in shape according to the retraction or otherwise of 

 the body segmnets. It also appears to differ from Elcnchns in 

 the arrangement of the setae of the ventral surface, but the claws 

 of the legs are of a some\^iat similar character, and unlike those 

 of Xenos and the other hymenopterous parasites. 



Newport's figure of the larva of Stylo ps reproduced in The 

 Cambridge Natural History, if it be correct, would show that 

 genus to be utterly unlike any of those here considered, no trace 

 of the great eye spots being shown and the many jointed feet 

 are utterly foreign to the species I have examined. Indeed I 

 should not have recognized it as a Stylopid larva at all alter 

 my recent study of these. 



THE PUPARIA OF STYLOPIDAE. 



The puparium of a male Stylopid, that is to say the exserted 

 portion, generally bears a great resemblance to the adult female 

 except for the fact that it is rounded instead of flattened. In 

 many cases the tubercles or depressions with which the apex is 

 furnished closely resemble those in the female. As the male 

 Stylopid becomes mature its head can be seen within the ex- 

 serted apex of the somewhat transparent puparium, and this 

 fact, combined with the great similarity between this part of the 

 puparium and the exserted end of the female, would have satis- 

 fied me that in the latter it was the head end exserted, and not 

 the tail as Meinert supposed, even if it had not been conclu- 

 sively settled by the position of the ganglia in Xcnos. Saunders 

 has figured the adult Elcnchns escaping from the puparium 

 ventral side upwards — we have frecjuently watched the same 

 insect issuing in this manner — and remarks that Xcnos does the 

 same, but that Stylops and Hylccthrns are said to emerge in 

 reversed position. The puparia of all the Stylopids examined 

 by us, on the emergence of the mature insect, split open bv the 



