229 



are nearly black with a bluish tinge. There are four longitudinal 

 rows of short tubercles on the abdomen. The prothorax has 

 a yellowish posterior margui ; and there is a light yellow patch 

 in the middle of both meso-and metanotum, a smaller one at 

 each side of the metanotum. The first segment of abdomen 

 has a light yellow spot in middle and two spots on each side ; the 

 fourth segment has yellow patches including 4 tubercles thus 

 producing a nearly complete yellow band ; segments, 4, 5, and 6 

 and sometimes 7 are yellow on the lateral edges. Very similar 

 markings are present on the younger larvae, but are white in- 

 stead of yellow. 



The full-grown larva suspends itself by the posterior end in 

 some secluded place and after hanging curled up for i to 2 days 

 a molt occurs, and the pupa is formed, which is yellowish in 

 color with roundish black spots as follows: 2 on the prothorax; 

 2 on metathorax, and one on the wing pad at each side of these, 

 making a transverse row of 4 spots; 4 on the 3rd abdominal seg- 

 ment ; 2 on the 4th abdominal segment. Length of pupa 4.5 mm. 

 (PI. XV, fig. 7.) 



The pupal period is 3 to 4 days. The adults emerge by a dorsal 

 splitting of pupal skin. Some reared in the insectary were 

 observed in copulation 7 days after becoming adults, and eggs 

 were deposited on the following day, giving a period of 23 days 

 from deposition of eggs to the maturity of adults and another 

 generation of eggs deposited. 



HAP). China ; India ; Malay ; Singapore ; Java ; l')ali ; Flores ; 

 Triton Bay; Queensland and N. S. W., Australia; Tasmania; 

 New^ Caledonia. 



(2). Parasite, 



Unfortunately a parasite {Ccntisfcs anicricana) preys upon 

 this ladybug at some seasons of the year, reducing us numbers, 

 and thus diminishing its efifectiveness. This is the same lady- 

 bug parasite which is found in the United States, and Mr. Per- 

 kins found it in Australia, also, preying upon such species as 

 Verania lineola, V. frenata, etc, 



Vcrania frcnafa, Erichs.* (PI. XV, figs. 8-19.) 



This is a medium ladybug (4.5 mm. by 3.5 mm.) introduced 

 from Queensland, Australia, December, 1904. Of the shipment 



■ Crotch, Coccinellidae, p. 175; Froggatt, Agric. Gaz. N. S. W., XIII., p. 901. 



