244 



a single individual was bred, which emerged on the first of Jan- 

 uary, 1905, in the neighborhood of the Fiji Islands, when 1 

 was returning to Honolulu, the puparium, from which it was 

 bred, having been collected three weeks or a month previously. 

 This parasite escaped by a roundish hole gnawed in the top of 

 the puparium, and did not cause the usual de'niscence of the 

 latter, which always takes place along definite lines, when the 

 fly emerges. 



Of the third division of parasites or tertiary parasites of leaf- 

 hoppers I have only to cite here a single species. This is a 

 minute species of the Eulophidae, bred from the cocoons of 

 Dryinids, parasitized by Hclcgonatopus. Only one ex'ample of 

 this appears to have been preserved, and its condition is such 

 that its exact position cannot be determined without additional 

 specimens. It was bred from material sent to the islands from 

 Ohio by Koebele. 



The fourth division contains the parasites of insects that 

 habitually prey on leaf-hoppers. Here we include the parasites 

 of leafhopper-eating ladybirds, of the lace-wing flies (Chryso- 

 pinae) and of the hover-flies of tbe genus Baccha, as well as those 

 of the voracious crickets of the genus Xiphidiiiin, and with these 

 may be noticed one or two species that possibly belong to the 

 fifth division. To the parasites of the ladybirds no very special 

 attention was, paid, and they are not included in the descriptive 

 part of this paper. Throughout Queensland we met with that 

 common and widely spread enemy of ladybirds, the Braconid, 

 Centistes amcricana, attacking species both of Coccinclla and 

 Verania, and what was new and interesting to us, it was also 

 bred from a very different ladybird, the blue Orcns ovalis, a 

 species most abnormal in its 'habits for that genus, since it feeds 

 on fungi growing on cane leaves and grasses. Such habits are 

 known in certain other Coccinellids but totally foreign to those 

 of the other species of Orcus, which are all carnivorous. The 

 Braconid parasite, as is well known, attacks the mature lady- 

 bird, and I have given some account of its habits in these islands 

 in an earlier bulletin. In Australia, ladybird larvae were further 

 infested with two species of Encyrtidae, allied to Homalotylns, 

 but apparently distinct generically from that, and from one an- 

 other. In the same vials with these, various other parasites 

 emerged, supposed at the time to be 'secondary parasites, or 

 possibly some of them primary ones, of the ladybirds. Amongst 

 these was a species of the remarkable genus Euryischia and a 

 Pteromalid near to and perhaps identical with the genus Ophclo- 



