believe that the flig-htless Icaf-hoppcrs are mure prolific llian 

 the fully winged specimens." 



In connection with this, it is worth noting- that both in Fcrkiii- 

 siclla sacchariclda and graiiiinicida e. g., the l)rachypterous 

 females have distinctly larger and fatter abdomens wdiich appear 

 at least to contain many more ova. 



(c) MATERNAL AFFECTION. 



The maternal solicitude, which has rendered so celebrated cer- 

 tain Earwigs. Centipedes. Cimicidae. and other Arthropods, 

 finds expression also in a Membracid, Entylia siiiiiata, the details 

 of which have been related by IN'Iiss Murtfeldt. The remarkable 

 point is that the hopper, usually so shy, leaping away at the first 

 alarm, refused to move when touched, while guarding her ofif- 

 spring. 



(d) STRIDULATION. 



The Stridnlation of the Cicadoidea was known to the Greeks, 

 and doubtless was investigated by many a philosopher before 

 Xenarchos. The other Auchenor'hynchi have always been sup- 

 posed to be silent; but Pcrkinskila saccharicida has been distinctly, 

 and often, heard to stridulate by the Entomologists of this sta- 

 tion, though specially modified organs have not yet been dis- 

 covered. As the tegmina, even in the brachypterous forms, are 

 observed synchronously to jerk up and down, this may have 

 seme connection with the phenomenon. 



(e) THE RELATIONS BETWEEN LEAF-HOPPERS AND ANTS. 



The relations l)etween ants and other insects are extremely 

 complicated and little understood. 



That herds of x\phidae are kept in temperate zones by ants, 

 and tended in the most remarka'ble manner, is too well known 

 to be further dwelt upon; in the tropics, where as a rule Aphidae 

 are very rare, their place is taken by other insects, among them 

 certain Coccidae (i. e.. Mealybug's), Leaf-'hoppers, etc. Spix and 

 Martins, Beske. Lund, Hardwicke. Guilding. Swainson and 

 Belt have recorded observations on this point, though they were 

 doubted by Sharp. Green however, has recently reobserved the 

 p'heiTomenon in Ceylon. He says: 'T have frequently watched 

 the larvae of various species of Ccntrotns being assiduously at- 

 tended by ants. The larvae are gregarious, usually frequenting 

 the succulent shoots of plants, and have an extensile organ at 



