288 



3- Anterior femora unarmed, not thickened; scutellum mod- 

 erate or small; an arolium (enipodiiiiii) between the claws; 



2 ocelli (2) Ccrcopina. 



3b. Anterior femora thickened, spinose beneath; scutellum 



very large; 3 ocelli; no arolia (3) Cicadiiia. 



In 1866 Stal. reduced this to 4 families only, Stridulantia Cer- 

 copida, Jassida and Fulgorida. His three subfamilies of Cer- 

 copida are those recognized by later authors, but are not natu- 

 ral; his Jassida form 7 subfamilies of whic'h 6 are Menibracine 

 while 'his Fulgorida are divided into 13 subfamilies. 



I reproduce (translated) Stal's tables of Fulgoridae in their 

 entirety, as I shall refer to them later in some detail. 



I. Anal area of wings reticulate; keel separating frons from 

 gena continued onto the sides of the dypens. Fulgorida Stal. 



II. Anal area very rarely reticulate, clypeus in this case con- 

 vex, lacking lateral 'keels. 



A. Posterior tibiae lacking an apical, mobile spur. 



a. Frons wide, transverse or almost as long as wide, pro- 

 duced on each side into a distinct angle; anterior legs com- 

 pressed, more or less dilated; anal area of wings sometimes 

 reticulate Eurybrachydida Stal. 



aa. Lateral margins of the frons not angulate; legs mostly 

 simple; anal area of wings never reticulate. 



b. Clavus very rarely granulate, apex acuminate, rarely some- 

 what o'btuse, distinctly closed, the two veins united far (or 

 very far) from the apex (sometimes nevertheless after the 

 middle) of the clavus; costa very rarely dilated; tegmina 

 sometimes abbreviate or the clavus and corium fused. 



c. Vena clavi (anial vein) not reaching the apex, running into 

 the comissure near the apex; tegmina sometimes abbre- 

 viate, or the clavus and corium fused, lateral margins of 

 clypeus in this case keeled. 



d. Frontal ocellus absent, lateral margins of clypeus always 

 keeled or acute Dictyophorida Stal. 



(Id. Ocelli always three, one at the apex of the frons; frontal 

 ocellus very rarely lacking, in this case the sides of the 

 clypeus are convex, wanting a keel Cixiida Stal. 



cc. Vena clavi continued to the very apex of the clavus or 

 united near the apex with the claval suture; teg^mina some- 

 times abbreviate or lacking veins or the clavus and corium 

 fused, lateral marg-ins of the clypeus in this case not cari- 

 nate. 



