96 



greater number of tibial spines. Jt seems to be near Flavina, 

 but the face is very difYerent ; it seems also near Nilalohita. but 

 the clypeus is dififerently formed. Type zvalkcri Sign. 



There seem to be therefore, in the Fulgoroidea, four principal 

 types : 



1. The Poekillo])teroid, in which the costal vein is well de- 

 veloped. While such forms as J.opliops and Plata seem little 

 allied, yet the Ricaniinae form a link which it is hard to break. 



2. The Issoid, in which the costal vein is usually developed. 

 1 think the Amphiscepinae (including Acaiialonia, &c.) clearly 

 ])elong here and not to the Poekillopteridae. Tonga is a re- 

 markable form of uncertain affinities ; I placed it at first among 

 the Poekillopteridae. The Tetigometridae form a distinct family 

 of apparently "degraded" Issidae. 



3. The Fulgoridae have the costal vein obsolescent except 

 basally. The Asiracidae are apparently developed from forms 

 like Olianis, but their many peculiarities render their separation 

 necessary. 



4. The Derbidae are probably polyphyletic, Nisia, La>iiciiia 

 and some other forms approaching the Cixiini and Achilini. 



The first and second groups apparently oviposit on the outer 

 surface of leaves, while the third make an incision in the leaf 

 or stem and place the eggs inside. Of the Derbidae. no eggs 

 have. I believe, been found in nature. 



Mr. Distant has recently criticized parts of niv former memoir, 

 relating to the Fulgoroidea, in the A. M. N. H. (7) XIX, 395-416 

 (1907)*. Those acquainted with Mr. Distant's works wi'l, I am 

 sure, wonder that Mr. Distant should complain of incomplete 

 and rudimentary descriptions in other workers. I have con- 

 sidered his synonymical propositions in their several places. I 

 m.ay point out here however that Mr. Distant has so "carefully 

 studied" my memoir, that he has misunderstood the scope of the 

 entire work, the nature of which is plainlv indicated even on the 

 title page of the parts. 



Poekillopteridae. 



Lophopinae. 



Astorga. 



Stal (1866 Hem. Afr. IV) places the "Lophopida" among those 

 groups in which the anal vein runs into tlvj aj^ex of the clavus 



* See my reply uji. eit.. later. 



