6 



ily become established and thrive here, whereas the native in- 

 sects of California though thej have often been brought here, 

 generally fail to establish themselves. This climate is evidently 

 not suited to them. Although cane is no longer imported into 

 the islands, yet many bad cane pests are by no means restricted 

 to cane, but may easily be brought with other plants. It is well 

 known that steamers have put in here from Fiji carrying cane 

 on board, from which insects might easily have escaped to the 

 shore, although such cane is not lauded. It is also known that 

 both on cane and on other plants, carried on deck, insect pests 

 are frequently numerous. Mr. Muir has observed this to be 

 the case with sugar cane carried on deck from Fiji, and Mr. 

 Koebele and myself noticed great quantities of fruit fly mag- 

 gots dropping from fruit carried on the deck of steamers, when 

 we were traveling along the Australian coast. These fruit-fly 

 maggots were crawling into cracks of the deck and pupating 

 there and some would certainly be likely to hatch out and gain 

 the shore at other ports. Quick travelling steamers may carry 

 even mature insects an enormous distance, so that they reach 

 new countries by flight, when in or near port. Mosquitoes were 

 still seen on board the ship on my last journey to San Fran- 

 cisco, five days after leaving Honolulu. On another journey 

 numbers of a Chinese moth were seen about the decks the whole 

 way to San Francisco. It would be very difficult and probably 

 impracticable to keep such things from becoming established in 

 a country suitable to them. 



OHALCIDOIDEA 



EULOPHIDAE 



The species of this family here described belong to two sub- 

 families, the Eulophinae and Tetrastichinae. Only one species 

 Closterocerus javanus belongs to the foruier, and I suspect that 

 it is hyperparastic, attacking one or more species of the egg- 

 parasites of Delphacid leaf-hoppers, these parasites belonging 

 to the genus Ootetmsfichus. The Tetrastichinae are chiefly 

 represented by the latter genus, of which seven new species are 

 here described. The members of this subfamily were supposed 

 by the late Dr. Ashmead to be hyperparasites, but it is now 

 known that many are primary parasites. They are of great 

 importance in the Oriental region in limiting the number of 



