REPORT ON THE DEEP-SEA FISHES. 197 



profile descending in a strong curve and with the jaws nearly equal anteriorly. The 

 maxillary reaches to below the posterior margin of the eye, and is strongly dilated behind. 

 Cleft of the mouth oblique. The origin of the dorsal fin is nearer to the end of the 

 snout than to the root of the caudal, behind the base of the ventrals; its last ray is in 

 the vertical from the fourth or fifth anal ray. The pectoral fin extends to the middle 

 of the ventral, the ventral to the vent. Scales smooth, deciduous. There are seven 

 round pearly-looking patches between the adipose fin and the caudal. 



The phosphorescent organs are arranged in the following manner : — Two behind the 

 prseopercular margin opposite to the extremity of the maxillary ; a straight series of five 

 between the isthmus and the root of the ventral, continued behind the ventrals to the 

 vent as a series of four ; somewhat higher up the side another series begins in front of the 

 root of the ventrals ; it consists of seven spots, the two last of which are above the vent ; 

 two in front of the root of pectoral ; and an isolated one below the lateral line, about 

 the middle of the body ; a series of twenty runs along each side of the anal fin and the 

 lower edge of the tail, the last two occupying the base of the rudimentary caudal rays 

 and being separated from those more anterior by a short interspace. A single series of 

 six or seven large pearl-coloured spots occupies the back of the tail behind the adipose 

 fin. None of these spots have a black septum, and it is also to be remarked that one 

 or the other which is present on one side may be rudimentary or entirely absent on the 

 other. In specimens which have lost a portion of their scaly integuments, some of the 

 organs are generally lost also. 



Habitat. — Antarctic Ocean, Station 156 ; depth, 1975. One specimen, 3| inches long. 



Antarctic Ocean, Station 157 ; depth, 1950 fathoms. One specimen, 2|- inches long. 



This species has so much the appearance of a surface Scopelus, that I strongly suspect 

 that it did not actually come from the immense depth to which the dredge descended on 

 the occasion of the capture of the specimens, but that these entered the dredge whUst 

 it was being hauled to the surface. 



Scopelus engraulis, n. sp. (PI. LI. fig. C). 



D. 14. A. 14-15. P. 12. V. 9. L. lat. 38. L. trans. 3 | 5. 



Habit rather slender, the height of the body being nearly one-fifth of the total length 

 (without caudal) ; the length of the head is contained thrice and two-thirds in the same. 

 The shape of the head reminds one of many species of Engraulis, the eye being situated 

 near to the extremity of the very short snout. The diameter of the eye is one-fifth of 

 the length of the head, and longer than the snout. Interorbital space wider than the 

 orbit. Posterior margin of the prteoperculum oblique. Operculum thin, narrow, scarcely 

 covering the gill-aperture. Mouth oblique, very wide, the upper jaw overlapping the 

 lower ; the maxillary extends back to the mandibulary joint and is not dilated behind. 



