TABLE OF CONTENTS. IS 



SECTION VII. 

 PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION AND SECRETION. 



PAGE 



Chapter XXXIX. — Movements of the Alimentary Canal 709 



Mastication, 709.— Deglutition, 709. — Nervous Control of Deglutition, 712. — 

 Cardiac Sphincter, 714. — Anatomy of the Stomach, 714.— Musculature of the 

 Stomach, 716. — Movements of the Stomach, 717. — Effect of the Nerves on the 

 Movements of the Stomach, 720. — Hunger Contractions, 721. — Movements of 

 the Intestines, 722. — Movements of the Intestinal Villi, 725. — Nervous Control 

 of the Intestinal Movements, 725. — Effect of Various Conditions on the Intestinal 

 Movements, 726. — Movements of the Large Intestines, 726.— Defecation, 728. — 

 Vomiting, 730. — Nervous Mechanism of Vomiting, 731. 



Chapter XL. — General Consideration of the Composition of the 



Food and the Action of Enzymes 733 



Foods and Food-stuffs, 733. — Accessory Articles of Diet, 736. — Enzymes, His- 

 torical, 737. — Reversible Reactions, 739. — Specificity of Enzymes, 740. — Defini- 

 tion and Classification of Enzymes, 741. — General Properties of Enzymes, 743. — 

 Partial List of Enzymes, 745.— Chemical Composition of the Enzymes, 746. 



Chapter XLL — The Salivary Glands and Their Digestive Action 747 



Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, 747. — Histological Structure, 749. — Com- 

 position of the Secretion, 750. — The Secretory Nerves, 750. — Trophic and Secre- 

 tory Nerve Fibers, 753. — Histological Changes during Activity, 754. — Action of 

 Drugs Upon the Secretory Nerves, 757. — Paralytic Secretion, 758. — Normal 

 Mechanism of Salivary Secretion, 758. — Electrical Changes in Glands, 760. — 

 Digestive Action of Saliva, Ptyalin, 760. — Conditions Influencing the Action 

 of Ptyalin, 762. — Functions of the Saliva, 762. 



Chapter XLII. — Digestion and Absorption in the Stomach 763 



Structure of the Gastric Glands, 763. — Histological Changes during Secretion, 

 764. — Method of Obtaining the Gastric Secretion and its Normal Compo.sition, 

 765. — The Acid of Gastric Juice, 767. — Origin of HCl, 769.— Secretorj' Nerves 

 of the Gastric Glands, 770. — Normal Mechanism of the Secretion of the Gastric 

 Juice, 771. — Nature and Properties of Pepsin, 774. — Artificial Gastric Juice, 775, 

 — Pepsin-hydrochloric Digestion, 775. — The Rennin Enzyme, 777. — Digestive 

 Changes in the Stomach, 779. — Absorption in the Stomach, 780. 



Chapter XLIII. — Digestion and Absorption in the Intestines . . 783 



Structure of the Pancreas, 783. — Composition of the Secretion, 784. — Secre- 

 tory Nerve Fibers to the Pancreas, 784. — The Curve of Secretion, 785. — Nor- 

 mal Mechanism of Pancreatic Secretion, 786. — Secretin, 786. — Enterokinase, 787. 

 — Digestive Action of Pancreatic Juice, 788. — The Amino-acids, 789. — Signifi- 

 cance of Tryptic Digestion, 791. — Action of the Diastatic Enzyme (Amylase), 792. 

 — Action of the Lipolytic Enzyme (Lipase, Steapsin), 793. — The Intestinal Secre- 

 tion (Succus Entericus), 794. — Absorption in the Small Intestine, 796. — Absorp- 

 tion of Carbohydrates, 798. — Absorption of Fats, 799. — Absorption of Proteins, 

 801. — Digestion and Absorption in the Large Intestine, 802. — Bacterial Action in 

 the Small Intestine, 803. — Bacterial Action in the Large Intestine, 804. — Physio- 

 logical Importance of Intestinal Putrefaction, 805. — Composition of the Feces," 806. 



Chapter XLIV. — Physiology of the Liver and Spleen 808 



Structure of the Liver, 808. — Composition of Bile, 808. — The Bile Pigments, 

 810.— The Bile Acids, 811.— Cholesterin, 813.— Lecithin, Fats, and Nucleo- 

 albumins, 814. — Secretion of the Bile, 814. — Ejection of the Bile — Function of 

 the Gall-bladder, 816. — Occlusion of the Bile-ducts, 817. — Physiological Im- 

 portance of Bile, 818. — Occurrence of Glycogen, 819. — Origin of Glycogen, 820. 

 — Function of Glycogen, Glycogenic Theory, 822. — Glycogen in the Muscles 

 and Other Tissue, 824. — Conditions Affecting the Supp'ly of Glycogen, 825. — 

 Formation of Urea in the Liver, 825. ^Physiology of the Spleen, 826. 



Chapter XLV. — The Kidney and Skin as Excretory Organs. . . . 829- 



Structure of the Kidney, 829. — The Secretion of Urine, 830. — Function of the 

 Glomerulus, 832.- Function of the Convoluted Tubule, 834. — Action of Diu- 

 retics, 836. — The Blood Flow Through the Kidneys, 837. — Hormone Stimulation, 

 839. — The Composition of Urine, 840. — The Nitrogenous Excreta in the Urine, 

 841. — Origin and Significance of Urea, 843. — Origin and Significance of the 

 Purin Bodies (Uric Acid, Xanthin, Hypoxanthin) , 846. — Origin and Significance 

 of the Creatinin and Creatin, 849. — Hippuric Acid, 851. — The Conjugated Sul- 

 phates and the Sulphur Excretion, 852.— Secretion of the Water and Inorganic 

 Salts, 853. — Micturition, 853. — Contractions of the Bladder, 855. — Nervous 

 Mechanism of Micturition, 856. — Excretory Functions of the Skin, 857.— Com- 

 position of Sweat, 858.— -Secretory Fibers of Sweat Glands, 859. — Sweat Centers, 

 861. — Sebaceous Secretion, 861. — Excretion of Carbon Dioxid Through the Skin, 



