1% 
of quail were found here, and’ this was the only situation in which the 
parent birds were seen with downy young. 
If we may judge of the fitness of the common name of a bird from 
the outcome of our statistical tabulations, we should say that the next 
one on our list, commonly known as the field sparrow, ought to be 
named the orchard sparrow or the bush sparrow instead, (the last, 
indeed, a name given it by John Burroughs,) for it was more abundant 
in orchards and in shrubbery than anywhere else, numbering 251 and 
257 respectively to the square mile in these situations. Those in which 
it was next most abundant were open woods, with 88 to the square 
mile, and pastures and fields of waste and fallow land, with 57 to 
the mile in each. The average for the whole area covered was 37 to 
the square mile. 
There can be no doubt of the correctness of the name of the 
orchard oriole, our data for which gave us an average of 168 to the 
square mile in orchards, with a general average for the whole area 
covered of only 12. Its only other habitat worth mentioning is yards 
and gardens, in which there were 44 orioles to the square mile. 
Our good little friend the robin, of which 164 were seen, was also 
largely an orchard and woodland bird, its density ratio being 145 to 
the mile in orchards and 89 in woodlands, with only 19 as an average 
for the whole area. Other notable ratios were 27 to the mile in pas4 
tures and 46 on plowed ground. Its frequency in farm orchards 
is probably due, like that of the English sparrow, to its general abund- 
ance about the home premises, from which an orchard is often the near- 
est available resort for shelter, rest, and nesting places. 
The next species in order of abundance in orchards was the crow 
blackbird, or bronzed grackle. As represented by the 274 of these birds 
seen, it was more abundant in orchards than in any other place. With 
a general average density of 32 to the mile, its numbers stood at 137 
in orchards, 70 in open woods, 47 in farm yards, 46 in pastures, 32 in 
corn, and 31 in fields of wheat and rye, and it fell below its general 
average in all the other situations. 
Next, the blue jay, although less frequently seen in orchards than 
any of the birds already mentioned, averaged there 114 to the square 
mile. It was still more abundant in open woods (195 to the mile), and 
much less so in pastures (24). Its general average for the whole 
area was only 13 to the square mile. It is thus essentially a woodland 
bird, resorting to orchards mainly because of their likeness to woods. 
The mocking-birds seen on these southern Illinois trips numbered 
115, and the brown thrashers, 137, equivalent to 13 to the square mile 
for the mocking-bird and 16 for the brown thrasher—numbers perhaps 
too small from which to draw definite conclusions as to their preferred 
surroundings. So far as our data go, however, they indicate a decided 
preference of both these birds for orchards, the orchard ratio to the 
square mile being 84 for each. The mocking-bird was still more abundant 
in farm yards (113) and above its general average in gardens (38) and 
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