180 
then laid on the unrolled doll and inoculation made in the desired man- 
ner. The doll was then rolled up, inclosing the seedlings, and placed 
again in the test-tube. For purposes of root inoculation the doll was 
suspended in the test-tube about five centimeters from its bottom. 
Inoculations in soil—In addition to the usual pot and bench inocu- 
lations, it was found convenient to use wide-mouth vials, 1270 mm. 
(see page 128), which were lined with stiff paper (so cut as to open easily, 
Pl. XXXIII), filled with soil, and autoclaved. The paper envelope with 
the enclosed soil could readily be withdrawn from the vial, and opened in 
order to insert the seed, seedling, or inoculum, and later repeated exam- 
inations could be made without greatly disturbing the plant. 
Imbedding conidia.—Conidia were raised under standard conditions 
(see next paragraph) and the entire shoot bearing them, together with 
the adjacent agar—a strip about 4 mm. wide—was removed to chrome- 
acetic killing-fluid, and imbedded in the usual way. 
Procedure to secure standard conditions.—Petri dishes of 12 c.c. washed 
agar, when solid, were inoculated in the center with the desired organism. 
When, in the course of a few days, this had attained a colony-diameter 
of 2 to 3 cm., wheat shoots, autoclaved in water, were laid on the surface 
of the agar, the basal ends of the shoots touching the edge of the advanc- 
ing colony. Usually about six shoots were used per plate, resulting in 
ample material. Aseptic wheat shoots were secured by the method 
described in the next paragraph. The shoots were cut for autoclaving 
when they were about 2-3 cm. in length. This medium was selected 
as being of appropriate composition and only very slightly variable. The 
washed agar in uniform quantity in Petri dishes of the same depth gave 
a uniform humidity, while the mode of inoculation was also uniform, 
doing away with many errors that arise when the quantity of the inoculum 
is a variable factor. 
Growing aseptic seedlings—Seeds were treated three hours in 20% 
fresh Javelle water, rinsed with sterile distilled water, and germinated 
on damp filter-paper in moist chambers (44). In the latter part of the 
study para-toluene-sodium-sulphochloramide was substituted for Javelle 
water in seed-disinfection. It was used in 0.5% aqueous solution, the 
seeds being immersed for twenty minutes. Such preliminary tests as 
we have made, indicate that a solution of 0.25 to 0.5% is efficient as a 
fungicide, while such solutions may be safely used without injury to the 
grain. It certainly possesses value for such uses in the laboratory, and 
may be of service as a fungicide in other connections. A rather 
