202 
to the four species mentioned above. Next in order came the crow- 
blackbird, red-winged blackbird, and grasshopper sparrow, found in 
nearly equal numbers per square mile, those for the seven other more 
abundant species ranging from 31 to the mile down to 9. 
PRINCIPAL MEADOW BIRDS PER SQUARE MILE, 
WHOLE STATE, 
SUMMERS oF 1907 AnD 1909 
Whole 
Species : Southern | Central | Northern) 1907 1909 poe 
years 
Upland plover 4 67 + 22 19 30 25 
Mourning dove 36 35 22 81 27 29 
Flicker 7 51 40 37 26 81 
Kingbird 10 i 21 19 11 15 
Prairie horned lark il 5 41 23 2) 21 
Bobolink 0 0 201 12 166 96 
Red-winged blackbird 80 32 18 50 34 41 
Meadowlark 319 204 102 204 185 194 
Bronzed grackle 18 85 55 81 grail 49 
English sparrow 54 85 126 112 79 94 
Grasshopper sparrow 19 64 48 56 29 41 
Dickcissel 155 179 29 122 81 100 
Barn swallow 0 10 16 12 7 0 
Robin 7 13 17 17 10 alg 
Totals | 710 837 | 758 | 795 725 749 
Per cents. of all stall 78.7 83.9 | 87.1 | 86.8 81.6 83.4 
Compared with pastures, meadows were distinguished by the some- 
what greater prominence of the meadowlark (194 to 151), the exclu- 
sive habitation of the bobolink (96 to 0), the much greater prevalence 
of the dickcissel’(100 to 12) and the grasshopper sparrow (41 to 10), 
and the greater abundance of the red-winged blackbird (41 to 33). As 
against this list of distinctive meadow birds there is a much longer list 
of those to which the meadow was less attractive than the pasture. 
The principal of these are the English sparrow (94 to the square mile 
in meadow and 177 in pasture), the crow-blackbird (49 to 72), the 
robin (18 to 50), the prairie horned lark (21 to 48), the flicker (13 to 47), 
and the mourning dove (29 to 41). With the possible exception of the 
last, these differences are fairly consistent with the known food and 
habits of the several species. This obvious preference of the species 
mentioned for pastures over meadows is reflected in the average for 
the whole state of the meadow and pasture birds respectively (meadows. 
910, and pastures, 1085, to the square mile). 
