210 
PRINCIPAL BIRDS PER SQUARE MILE oF ORCHARDS, 
Summers or 1907 anv 1909 
Both 
Southern | Central | Northern} 1907 1909 years 
Quail 289 31 0 15 327 212 
Mourning dove 297 218 49 310 224 256 
Flicker 53 187 49 74 77 76 
Blue jay 114 124 98 14 172 114 
Orchard oriole 165 0 0 177 86 120 
Bronzed grackle 137 342 0 192 138 158 
English sparrow 426 4607 8373 592 2882 2039 
Field sparrow 251 62 0 163 206 190 
Mockingbird 84 93 0 30 103 17 
Catbird 84 124 49 14 129 103 
Brown thrasher 84 249 196 118 129 125 
Robin 145 187 147 148 155 152 
Totals 2129 | 6224 | 8961 1847 4628 3622 
in woodlands multiplied by 2.14 to compensate for difference in density 
of the total bird population in orchard and woodland, and thus to make 
the averages comparable directly. 
Birps IN SHRUBBERY 
On ninety-three acres of shrubbery, 85 per cent. of it in southern 
Illinois and nearly all the remainder in the northern part of the state, 
154 birds belonging to 35 species were found, a number equivalent to 
1056 birds to the square mile. The only especially notable item of the 
record is the fact that nearly a quarter of these birds were field sparrows 
(Spizella pusilla), present in numbers equivalent to 254 to the square 
mile. Indigo buntings and yellow-breasted chats were each about a 
third as numerous as the sparrows; and then came goldfinches (55 to 
the square mile), quail, towhees, cardinals, and Maryland yellow-throats 
(each 41 to the mile), blue jays, brown thrashers, and red-headed wood- 
peckers (each 34), bluebirds and cowbirds (27 each), and mourning 
doves (21), crested flycatchers, crows, meadowlarks, and robins (21 
each), making in all as beautiful and interesting a group of birds as we 
shall find mustered in any one situation. 
BirDs OF THE FARMYARD AND GARDEN 
Five hundred and fifty-seven acres of the area covered by our 
bird survey were made up of patches of yards and gardens of the 
farm premises, and on these 2977 birds were identified, a number equiva- 
lent to 3418 to the square mile. Here the English sparrow was, of 
