motional 
ere >: + ev 
a, 
215 
taining nearly nine times as many birds per square mile as the latter if 
the English sparrows are counted, and about six times as many if they 
are not. Fields in crops of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or corn, and those 
from which the small grains have been harvested, are the least attractive 
to birds of all the situations listed, their numbers of native species per 
square mile ranging from 324 to 579, while the other areas rise from 
716 for waste and fallow to 1987 for orchards. 
We further notice that our two series do not differ materially in 
respect to the order of abundance, the dropping out of English sparrows 
having the effect only to shift six of the habitat names one place up or 
down, and leaving the positions of seven of the thirteen unchanged. 
BIRDS PER SQUARE MILE or 44 ofr THE ABUNDANT 
SPECIES, 
THE WHOLE STATE, SUMMERS OF 1907 AND 1909, 
IN ORDER OF NUMBERS 
All species 
Native species 
Orchards 4026 Orchards 1987 
Yards and gardens 3314 Swamps 1801 
Swamps 1824 Yards and gardens 1779 
Woods 1471 Woods 1425 
Pastures 1004 Shrubs 933 
Shrubs 933 Pastures 827 
Meadows 856 Meadows 762 
Waste and fallow 173 Waste and fallow 716 
Wheat, rye, barley 715 Plowed ground 579 
Plowed ground 609 Wheat, rye, barley 568 
Corn 560 Corn = 430 
Oats 488 Oats 325 
Stubble 483 Stubble 324 
An inspection of our preceding general table (page 214) shows 
that some birds have but a single favorite haunt or set of closely related 
haunts, that others have two very different places of principal resort, 
and that still others have a wide and rather indiscriminate range of local 
preference. Thus the English sparrow is seen to be mainly a bird of 
the orchard and the yard and garden; the meadowlark of the meadow, 
pasture, and waste lands; the dickcissel of the meadow only; the prairie 
_ horned lark of pasture fields and plowed ground; the bobolink of swamp 
and meadow; the field sparrow of shrubbery, orchard, and woods; and 
other local concentrations within one situation may be readily made 
out for the blue jay, orchard oriole, indigo bunting, song sparrow, 
cardinal, catbird, green heron, downy woodpecker, crested fly-catcher, 
towhee, the two marsh wrens, the red-headed woodpecker, and the 
mockingbird; while a distinctly double or multiple local. allegiance is 
