221 
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 
_ The following conclusions have been reached as the results of this 
investigation: 
There are normally in the southern half of the state one complete 
generation, a nearly complete second generation, and a partial third 
generation of the codling-moth each year. In the northern part of the 
state there are but two generations. 
In the latitude of Olney, larve of the first generation normally begin 
to enter the fruit about May 19; larve of the second generation, July 4; 
and larve of the third generation, August 12. 
The data at hand are not sufficient to enable us to say definitely just 
how much allowance must be made in the time of appearance of the 
broods for differences of latitude, but in general, the first pupz, moths, 
eggs, and young larve appear two or three days earlier at Ozark and two 
or three days later at Springfield than at Olney; and second and third 
broods of larve appear about a week earlier at Ozark and a week later 
at Springfield than at Olney. 
The pupal period varies from 8 to 46 days, depending mainly upon 
the temperature. The period of the first brood is much longer than that 
of the second and third broods. The first brood period averages 30 days, 
the second 10.2 days, and the third 11.4 days. 
The life of the male adult in confinement varies from 3 days to 24 
days, the average being 10.5 days; the life of the female adult in confine- 
ment varies from 2 days to 27 days, the average being 13.4 days. 
The female moth begins to lay eggs in from one to five days after 
emergence, the majority of the eggs being laid between the second and the 
fifth days, and oviposition is usually completed within ten days. 
The egg period varies from 4 to 15 days, depending mainly upon the 
temperature. The average was 8.1 days for the 4956 eggs under 
observation. f 
The larval period varies from 18 to 47 days for transforming larvee 
and from 244 to 302 for hibernating larve, the former averaging 26.4 
days and the latter 264.8 days. The feeding period varies from 14 to 43 
days for transforming larve and from 16 to 54 for hibernating larve, the 
average for the former being 24.7 and for the latter 29.3. The larval 
period in the cocoon varies for transforming larve from one to eleven 
days, and for hibernating larve from 206 to 275 days, the average for 
transforming larve being 4.2 and for hibernating larvee 206.1 days. 
The total life-period varies from 41 to 70 days for individuals whose 
larve transform, the average being 54.2, and from 287 to 332 days for 
individuals whose larve hibernate, the average being 313 days. 
Larve begin to go into hibernation about August 1, and during the 
month the percentage of maturing larve which hibernate increases more 
or less rapidly, depending upon temperatures, until September 1, after 
which practically all larve hibernate. 
