231 
BAND-RECORD SERIES 
2K Paaiber of trees were banded each year at each of the places 
e observations were made, both sprayed and unsprayed trees being 
ally included. The bands used were mostly two or three-ply burlap, 
uit 4 inches wide. They were placed on the trees about June 1 and 
mined every day until the first larve were found; and after that 
: y third day. A record was kept of the number of male and female 
larvee collected. All the larve collected were placed either in pupal cages 
or - emergence cages for further observation, and a partial record of pupa- 
_ tion and a complete record of the emergence of moths were kept at 
- Olney. In cases where both pupation and emergence were noted the 
upal periods of those under observation were determined, and the data 
_ thus obtained were used in connection with studies on the influence of 
_ climatic conditions on the development of the pupa. 
eries, but the combined results of all of them have been used in our 
studies on climatic relations, life history, and seasonal history. Since 
‘a knowledge of the influence of climatic relations will assist in interpret- 
_ ing our life-history and seasonal-history data, a discussion of the climatic 
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE Ecc, Larva, 
AND PuPA OF THE CODLING-MOTH 
We ascertained by observations during 1915, 1916, and 1917, that the 
- incubation period varied from 4 to 15 days, the pupal period from 7 to 
_ 46 days, and the larval period from 18 to 45 days, and that the time of 
- the appearance of the first brood of larve may vary as much as 19 
_ days, and of the second brood 7 or 8 days in different seasons in the 
_ same locality, and that the variation in the time of the same events in 
_ various parts of the state in the same season may be as much as 20 or 
P25 days. These variations in length of the periods and dates of appear- 
a ance of the broods are due principally to climatic conditions, and 
"especially to temperature. It is the purpose of the present study to 
ascertain the relation of climatic conditions to the rate of development 
and to the time of the appearance of the broods and, as far as possible, 
_ to suggest methods by which these relations may be turned to practical 
eecount. 
- Under out-of-door conditions, temperature is the predominating 
Eiactor in determining rate of development of the codling-moth. Evapora- 
tion and humidity have so little influence that they may be disregarded, 
except, perhaps, in seasons when there are prolonged periods of extremely 
re high or low humidity. 
