265 
SEASONAL History OF THE CoDLING-MOoTH, 1916 
The plan of work pursued in the 1915 studies was continued in 1916. 
An effort was made to make the records at Ozark and Plainview a little 
more complete, and another station was established at Springfield. The 
observations at Princeton were discontinued. 
The spring months were cold and the season backward. April was 
about 3 degrees below normal and about 9 degrees below what it was in 
1915. The temperature for May was about normal, for June about 5 
degrees below normal, July and August one degree above normal. Rain 
was fairly well distributed throughout the season. The pupation of the 
hibernating larve began rather late. Development was normal during 
May, slower than normal during June, and proceeded at the maximum 
rate throughout July and August. On the whole, development was not 
quite so rapid as it would be in a normal year, the total accumulation of 
monthly degrees above 50 degrees, based upon mean monthly tempera- 
tures for April, May, June, July, and August, having been 89 while the 
normal accumulation for the same period is 93.3. As compared with 
1915 the year 1916 was more favorable for development, the accumula- 
tion of monthly temperatures above 50 degrees from April to August in- 
clusive in 1915 having been only 85.5. 
LARGE-CAGE SERIES 
Hibernating generation, 1915-1916.—The hibernating larve began to 
pupate April 16 and continued to pupate till June 2. Moths began to 
emerge May 10 and continued to emerge till June 23. 
First generation —tThe first eggs observed were laid May 14. These 
eggs hatched May 25. It was not necessary to use a large cage in order 
to secure the first pupze and adults of the first generation, since they 
could be obtained from the first larve collected from the bands. Larve 
of this generation began to leave the fruit June 20, to pupate June 24, 
and moths began to emerge July 3. 
To secure the last individuals of the first generation, the last adults 
which emerged from the hibernating material were liberated in cage No. 
1, as follows: 
Date Males Females 
June 1 12 0 
tes 9 8 
‘ 6 a} 3 
Les 6 3 
Sl 1] 5 4 
12 11 11 
malt; 1 3 
Leeds Is: 1 
ety 2 
“20 3 
pa ar 6 
2 Ye OES SS A 
= a 
