302 
SUMMARY OF FOREGOING DETAIL 
TOTAL OF TIMBER BY TYPES AS SHOWN ON OUR MAP OF THE REGION 
Types Acres 
DBIGYPLESSth csc ose ees tes 115 
ODeloth S Nhs Metre phe eee 118,247 
BREE rc OES ae! So 12,584 
Cull eee reo Se en eee 12,584 
Sap ited ete ac, soe ae ee ates 13,489 
INOMSIB a atc sacred ciete «Petes 12,473 
NOs 2B i acrconies Walenta ae 937 
LBieypresss cree ac eee ae er 2,894 
INO iy Sie carasreretevaie observe aia cap eeeianeres 368 
No: 42 se eett con cine) Norieiee 18 
Sapir knee ieee ees 612 
GaUB cs cet coeeeinn. eran hangs stehaes 715 
AOtal She ts cose eae ements 175,036 
IMPORTANT TREES AND THEIR MAIN USES 
Hardwoods* 
List of white oaks :— 
Quercus alba. White oak. 
Quercus platanoides. Swamp white oak. 
Quercus macrocarpa. Bur oak. 
Quercus michauxii, Cow oak. 
Quercus minor. Post oak. 
The “White Oaks.’—This group includes not only Quercus alba but 
swamp white oak, bur oak, cow oak, and post oak. The main distinction 
between the two groups of oaks, white and black, lies in the structure of 
the wood. In white oaks the large spring pores are plugged with a 
growth from the surrounding parenchyma cells known as tyloses, while the 
pores in the summer wood are thin-walled and angular. In the black or 
red oak group the walls of the spring pores are without tyloses, while 
the summer pores are thick-walled and more nearly circular in cross- 
section. The white oak (Q. alba) is marketed for saw and veneer logs, 
wagon stock, tight cooperage, interior finish, furniture, and flooring, the 
poorer grades going into railroad ties, mine timbers, and cross bars. 
Swamp white, bur oak, and cow oak are marketed in the white oak group, 
as their wood is of equal quality and durability. Post oak is used largely 
for posts and mine timbers. It grows on flat ridge-tops known as “post 
oak flats,” and on light gray silt-loam underlaid by tight clay which char- 
acterizes some of the poorer lands of the Ozark region. Black-jack 
*According to the use of the term by foresters, a hardwood tree is one that has broad leaves, while 
in this felon acid by SrondAmiest ai Iiaeiseemsen eae ane Vettori ee] ei Or ieee ee 
wood, soft maple, sycamore, gums, and other bottomland species remaining after oak and cypress have 
been cut. As the forester uses the term, the only softwoods in southern Illinois are shortleaf pine, cypress, 
and red cedar. 
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