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small pods and simple leaves. An occasional hop hornbeam (Ostrya vir- 
giniana) occurs on slopes along streams, and may be known by its hop-like 
fruit and by its bark, which exfoliates something like that of a red cedar. 
Blue beech (Carpinus caroliniana) is another small tree, with grayish bark 
and fluted stem, growing along small streams, and may be recognized by 
its fruit, which consists of a small nutlet at the base of a three-cleft bract. 
Both of these latter species may be classed as weed trees and should be 
removed to give room for more valuable species. Hop hornbeam, on 
account of its hardness and strength, is used for skids, handspikes, and 
wooden wedges. 
Tabulated data obtained by a study of types of upland and bottomland 
timber follow. 
ae 
