412 
vulture, purple finch, junco, song sparrow, Carolina chickadee, and blue- 
bird. The tufted titmouse, occurring there at an average of 131 to the 
square mile, was noticed in woodlands elsewhere only once. The promi- 
nence of the goldfinch in the central Illinois list, (287 to the square mile), 
with only one record additional, is deceptive, being due to a single flock. 
Indeed, the actual numbers of birds seen in the woods of central and 
northern Illinois are so small (48 and 35 respectively) that the species 
ratios there have little meaning. 
NUMBERS PER SQUARE MILE OF THE PRINCIPAL WiyTeR Birps IN Woops 
Southern Central Northern 
See Illinois | Illinois Illinois Saag ae 
Quail | 70 0 0 47 
Turkey vulture 156 0 0 105 
Downy woodpecker 27 * 66 29 
Blue jay | 162 13 11 113 
Crow | 37 118 164 74 
Purple finch 40 0 0 27 
Goldfinch z 287 0 47 
Tree sparrow 28 0 44 27 
Slate-colored junco | 431 0 0 289 
Song sparrow | 12 0 | 0 8 
Cardinal 61 52 0 ‘ 49 
White-breasted nut- | | 
hatch 12 105 ; 33 37 
Tufted titmouse 131 * 0 90 
Chickadee | 0 39 66 19 
Carolina chickadee | 110 0 0 74 
Bluebird en 107 0 0 72 
i 
Total | 1384 | 614 384 1107 
* Number negligible. 
The winter orchard area of thirty-eight acres was also too small 
for any but a few hints of general tendencies, that of northern Illinois 
being, in fact, quite negligible. Eighty birds of thirteen species were 
recorded from orchards, 65 of them (eleven species) being from south- 
ern Illinois, and 14 (five species) from central. Only the southern list 
has any special significance, and here juncos make up more than half 
the total number. Purple finches, field sparrows, and Carolina chicka- 
dees, next in order, were all seen the same number of times, and English 
sparrows and cardinals nearly as often. The general southern Illinois 
winter average was 2187 birds to the square mile of orchards, and of this 
number 1245 were juncos. The species were essentially those of the 
woodlands, only the English sparrow being reported from the orchard 
and not from the forest. 
As is to be expected in winter when shelter is a prime necessity, our 
sixty-three acres of shrubbery contained more birds to the square mile 
s 
‘ 
3 
7 
