423 
pasture (18.1 per cent.), the remainder being in wheat, stubble, meadows, 
woods, and waste land, with very small tracts of shrubbery, orchards, 
~ and farmyards. 
Twenty-nine of the species of pede: gave us 85 per cent. of the 
whole number, an average of 81 birds to the species, the remaining 68 
species averaging only 6 birds each. A third of all the birds belonged, 
in fact, to four species, the English sparrow, bronzed grackle, meadow- 
lark, and prairie horned lark; and if to these we add three more, the 
golden plover, robin, and cowbird, we have nearly half the whole num- 
ber. Eighteen Smith’s longspurs and 23 juncos were the only repre- 
sentatives of the winter-resident group found still lingering in central 
Illinois, the juncos seen April 23 and 26 and the longspurs May 1. 
Twenty of the 97 species noted were migrants on their way to points 
beyond our area, leaving 75 species normal to the summer season in 
central Illinois. Stated in numbers of birds, 0.9 per cent of those seen 
on these forty days of late April and May were winter residents, 14.5 
per cent. were migrants, and 84.6 per cent. were summer birds, includ- 
ing permanent residents. 
RESIDENCE CLASSIFICATION, SPRING 1907, Apri, 20—May 29, 
CENTRAL ILLINOIS 
NUMBERS AND PER CENTS OF SPECIES 
Permanent Winter Summer Migrant All 
Numbers 16 1 54 25 96 
Per cent. 16.7 1.0. 56.3 26.0 100 
NUMBERS AND PER CENTS OF ALL BIRDS 
Permanent Winter Summer Migrant All 
Numbers 803 23 1464 389 2679 
Per cent. 30.1 0.9 * 64.5 14.5 100 
NUMBERS OF NATIVE BIRDS AND PER CENTS 
Permanent Winter Summer Migrant All 
Numbers 537 23 1464 389 2413 
Per cent. 22.3 0.9 60.7 16.1 100 
That spring was now nearly merged in summer is further shown 
by a comparison of the present 85 per cent. list with the corresponding 
central Illinois list for July 1907, from which it appears that all the 
twelve birds of the latter list are among the first thirteen of the former. 
That the movement northward of these characteristic and dominant 
summer species was, however, far from complete seems probable from 
the fact that their total number averaged 553 to the square mile for 
July, 1907, and only 319 to the mile for April and May of the same 
year. But 58 per cent. of what we may call the final summer number 
of the birds of these species were on the ground by the end of May. 
-Just what this difference may mean, however, it is impossible to say, 
since the summer average covers some of the young of the year, (of 
the number of which we have no record), as well as later accessions 
from the south. 
Regn eo ae GR 
ae: 
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