62 
inch in length. The males are readily distinguished by the black, curved 
stylus or spine projecting upwards at the tip of the abdomen, sometimes, 
however, pressed to the body and more or less inconspicuous. . 
The egg, pure white when first laid, gradually becomes pale flesh- 
color and finally cream-color or pale brown. It is elliptical in form, 
averaging for the species under discussion 1.25 mm. in length and .5 mm. 
in thickness (Fig. 2). 
Only the head of the larva protrudes when hatching begins (Fig. 3), 
but gradually the egg=shell splits longitudinally, exposing the body of 
the larva (Fig. 4). The body is pure glistening white and shows no 
characteristic markings, the segments being indistinct even in the mature 
larva (Fig. 5, and Pl. III, Fig. 1, 2). 
The cocoon is oval, or egg-shaped, covered with soft, fluffy silk of 
a tan or golden brown color, and averages from 15 to 25 mm. in length 
(Pl. III, Fig. 4, and Pl. IV, Fig. 8,9). Beneath the outer downy 
Fic. 2. White-grub showing position of 
Tiphia eggs; a, Tiphia punctata 
Rob., b, JT. transversa Say, and 
eggs much enlarged. 
covering are several more compact and firmer layers, capable of protect- 
ing against unfavorable soil conditions, such as excessive moisture. 
The method used by the writer in studying the details of the life of 
Tiphia is very simple, and the cage was an ordinary three-ounce tin 
salve box. Two grubs, put in opposite sides of each box, were covered 
with soil, and properly watered. These preparations were made in ad- 
vance of the introduction of the parasite to enable the grubs to make 
cells, which would give more normal conditions for the Tiphia. A 
female Tiphia was then introduced into the box and the grubs were 
examined for eggs every few hours if very exact records of oviposition 
