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late as June 26. Aside from the facts that the species appears early in 
the season, that the eggs are laid on the under side of the thorax and 
require a longer period for development, and that the stage in which it 
hibernates is doubtful, the life history of the species agrees with that of 
T. punctata. 
TIPHIA VULGARIS Rob. 
This species is known to occur in the states of New Hampshire, 
Massachusetts, New York, Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, 
Illinois, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Kansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, and 
Alabama. 
We have not yet obtained eggs from vulgaris, but from the fact 
that it is a common species in Illinois and that we have found grubs 
bearing eggs on the dorsum of the abdomen common in that state, to- 
gether with the fact that this is the only species known to parasitize the 
white-grub whose egg-laying habits are unknown, and that, conversely, 
the species laying eggs on the dorsum of the abdomen is the only one 
unknown, it is reasonable to believe that this species does lay its eggs 
on the dorsum of the abdomen near the anal end. 
According to our meager records this species issues from May 8 
to June 23 in the latitude of Indiana, but further data will probably 
show it to agree more nearly with punctata in the time of its appearance. 
Four other species of Tiphia have been reared at the Lafayette 
Laboratory but we have no positive evidence of their host relations. 
T. robertsom Mall. was reared from cocoons collected at Wake- 
man, O., and Bells Valley, Va., and in the field where the former 
collections were made white-grubs were very abundant. Our dates of 
emergence are July 30 and 31. 
T. clypeata Rob. has been obtained by. us from Lafayette (Ind.) 
only, and the dates of collection were widely separated, some in May 
and others in October. 
T. reticulata Mall. was reared by us but once, and the adult issued 
July 3—from a cocoon collected by Mr. H. E. Smith at Agawam, Mass. 
T. conformis Mall. was obtained from cocoons collected at Sheldon 
Iil., Frankfort, Ind., and Richland, Mich., and the adults issued from 
July 24 to August 4. The fields at Frankfort were well infested with 
Anomala grubs, while the fields at Sheldon and Richland contained a 
good infestation of Phyllophaga grubs, but positive evidence of their host 
relations was not secured. 
ENEMIES OF TIPHIA 
Three species of bombyliid flies representing two genera (Exopro- 
sopa and Anthrax) have been reared from Tiphia cocoons. Of these, 
E. fascipennis Say, which was first recorded as a Tiphia parasite by 
Dr. S. A. Forbes (26), is the most common in our rearings, although 
it would appear that none of the species are sufficiently abundant to 
lessen noticeably the value of Tiphia as a white-grub parasite. This 
