Shi 
CoENOMYIA PALLIDA Say 
According to J. R. Malloch (49) the larva of Coenomyia pallida 
Say (=ferruginea, American authors) has been seen to.feed on white- 
grubs in confinement. This larva was taken in a field near Chicago 
where grubs were common, and another at DuQuoin, IIl., “in company 
with larvae of Asilidae and probably fed also upon white-grubs.” 
Horss-rurms (TABANIDAR) 
Two species of tabanid larvae (Tabanus atratus Fabr. and T. sul- 
cifrons Macq.) are predaceous on Phyllophaga grubs, and further 
researches will no doubt show the like for other species. 
THE AuTuMN Horse-FLy (TABANUS SULCIFRONS Macq.) 
T. sulcifrons seems to be commoner than T. atratus. It has been 
reared from larvae collected in plow furrows at Greenwood, Miss., by 
Mr. J. M. Langston in February, March, and April, 1916. Some of these 
larvae pupated at the Lafayette Laboratory between August 7 and Sep- 
tember 4, adults issuing August 23 to September 27, while others passed 
the winter in the larval stage. The length of the larval stage was 16 
days for those pupating in August to 23 days for those pupating the 
first of September. The length of the life cycle probably is normally 
one year, but no doubt scarcity of food or unfavorable soil conditions 
-may prolong this period, as is indicated in our experiments. Larvae 
apparently belonging to this species but which died before maturing, 
Fic. 26. Tabanus sulcifrons Macq., 
head of larva, showing sharp 
mandibles extruded. 
were collected in plow furrows by Mr. E. G. Kelly at Wellington, Kan. 
Others were received from Mr. R. J. Kewley, who collected thea while 
following the plow at College Park, Md., April 20, 1916. These. con- 
tinued as larvae until fall of the following year, pupating in August, 
1917, and issuing as adults nearly a month thereafter. We also reared 
a single adult from a larva taken by G. G. Ainslie June 24, 1914, at Caney 
Springs, Tenn., the larva pupating between August 18 and 24 and the 
adult issuing September 14, 1914. 
In all cases the larvae were collected in fields containing white-grubs, 
and their predaceous activities in relation to Phyllophaga and Cyclo- 
cephala grubs in confinement were conclusively shown. On coming into 
contact with the soft body of the grub the larva thrusts its mandibles 
into the skin, and into the opening thus made the head is inserted, and 
the body fluids are consumed. The action of the mandibles is very 
