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tudinal striae. By these characters alone it is readily distinguished from 
the larva of T. atratus, which is marked with black (Fig. 28), and from 
the asilid larvae Erax and Promachus, which are waxy white or cream- 
color. Likewise the anal end of Tabanus bears a retractile fleshy pro- 
tuberance or breathing tube (Fig. 29), and each abdominal segment 
bears six ventrally placed fleshy tubercles, the upper one on each side 
along the lateral line being the most conspicuous, and those on the last 
Fic. 29. Tabanus sulcifrons Macq., 
anal end of larva. 
two or three segments only faintly indicated. The asilid larvae lack 
these characters, the anal end being more or less pointed and the body 
smooth. The chitinous head is elongate and slender, brownish, and 
freely retractile (Fig. 26). The dull brown pupa (PI. IX, Fig. 36) is 
slender, rather uniform in thickness throughout its entire length, curved, 
and is not armed with conspicuous spines as are the asilid pupae. The 
reader is referred to papers by Hine (36,37,38) and Hart (34) for 
more complete descriptions of this and the following species, and for 
particulars concerning their habits. 
Tue Brack Horse-FLy (TABANUS ATRATUS Fabr.) 
Our observations on the habits and activities of this species are 
confined to one rearing record made from a larva obtained by Mr. A. F. 
Satterthwait near Linton, Ind., May 3, 1916. The larva was found along 
the drainage-ditch edge of a corn field where acute injury by wireworms 
and cutworms occurred in 1914. The tract in which this larva was found 
is a reclaimed swamp, covered with water much of the time until a few 
years ago and only the past season or two sufficiently drained for culti- 
vation. The larva was placed in an ounce tin-box and there freely 
attacked and ate grubs of Phyllophaga and Cyclocephala. It pupated 
between August 24 and 29 and the mature fly issued September 11, 1916. 
Its feeding habits differed in no way from those described for sulcifrons. 
The adult (Pl. VIII, Fig. 32; Pl. IX, Fig. 33) is one of the com- 
moner species of horse-flies, known as the black horse-fly or breeze-fly, 
and is distributed from southern Canada to Mexico, east of the Rocky 
Mountains. It is conspicuous because of its very large size, measuring 
about 24 mm. in length. The large eyes are typical of the family, the 
thorax and abdomen are black and covered with a thin whitish bloom, 
and the wings are black at the base to dusky or brownish transparent at 
the apex. According to Mr. Chas. A. Hart, who carefully described 
the various stages (34), the eggs are dark brown, subcylindrical, about 
