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genus Phyllophaga in various parts of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and 
Michigan, but have found it nowhere common. Scarabaeid grubs, and 
more especially grubs of the genus Ligyrus, are quite susceptible to this 
fungus in our breeding cages, and indeed it has occasionally interfered 
with our life-history studies, but the unusually favorable conditions in 
the cages can not be duplicated in the field, and, judging from our 
experience, the green muscardine can not be employed artificially as a 
means of controlling white-grubs in the northern half of the United 
States. 
The white muscardine, /saria densa Link (—Botrytis tenella), has 
been experimented with against the white-grubs in Europe, and a few 
investigators have claimed success, but the opinions of European investi- 
gators are conflicting on the subject and the actual value of its artificial 
use aS a measure against white-grubs is yet to be demonstrated. On 
the other hand there is little doubt that its wide-spread natural occur- 
rence among grubs in the field would prove an effective check upon 
their injuries, as is clearly indicated by the following record. In Decem- 
ber, 1911, Mr. W. P. Flint, of the office of the State Entomologist of 
Illinois, found Phyllophaga grubs killed by J. densa very common, and 
in some places abundant, on the surface of the soil in many parts of 
southern Illinois, including the counties of Randolph, Marion, Jackson, 
Perry, Bond, Madison, and Fayette. The grubs collected by Mr. Flint 
and kindly sent to us by Dr. S. A. Forbes, were thoroughly mummified, 
as shown in the accompanying photograph (Pl. XIV, Fig. 59). The 
fields where these diseased grubs were found were in corn, wheat, oats, 
and cow-peas. Although most of the sick grubs came to the surface 
of the ground before dying, it was noticed by Mr. Flint that the birds 
apparently did not pick them up. 
A fungus similar to J. densa (Isaria farinosa Dicks; Pl. XIII, Fig. 
50)has likewise been tried by European investigators with much the 
same results as those reported for J. densa. J. farinosa is supposed to 
be the “Isaria stage’ of a species of Cordyceps, possibly C. mulitaris 
Linn. 
Pettit (56) also records Cordyceps melolonthae ? (Tul.) Sace., and 
Tsaria vexans Pettit as attacking Phyllophaga grubs. 
The peculiar and characteristic Cordyceps growths on white- grubs 
have been occasionally mentioned in literature and most of them referred 
to the species C. melolonthae, C. militaris, and C. ravenelii. The first 
reference to Cordyceps on grubs in this country seems to have been 
made by Jacob Cist in 1824 (12). In our studies we have obtained but 
one true Cordyceps attacking Phyllophaga grubs, and this specimen, 
found in the forest tract at Trout Lake, Vilas Co., Wis., has been kindly 
identified for us by Dr. E. B. Mains as probably C. ravenelii Berk, and 
Curt., but it could not be determined with certainty without the fertile 
tip, whieh was broken off. We have also obtained from Mr. D. E. 
Walker, through the kindness of Mr. Harry F. Dietz, grubs attacked by 
Cordyceps herculea (Schw.) Sacc. (=melolonthae) (Mains det.). These 
