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tents made by Mr. Vernon Bailey (3); and such animals as the weasel, 
martin, wolf, and hedgehog are said to feed on white-grubs (17, 59). 
The shrew is also well known for its fondness for May-beetles and 
white-grubs, and A. F. Shull (67) estimates that a single short-tailed 
shrew (Blarina brevicauda) during one month might kill and use for 
food 450 May-beetles; and Mr. F. E. Wood (83) writes: “Probably no 
other mammal [referring to the above species], unless it be the skunk 
when on its good behavior, is so uniformly beneficial to the farmer.” 
The badger (Tavidea taxus) is very fond of white-grubs, and in 
some regions its beneficial activities have been noticeable. At Deford, 
Mich., July 25, 1913, Mr. A. F. Satterthwait, of the Bureau of Entomol- 
ogy, saw a white-grub-infested June-grass sod of about three acres dug 
up in a way that suggested the work of swine in rooting for grubs, and, 
on inquiry, Mr. Earl Lockwood, the owner, stated that badgers which 
lived in the adjacent woods were responsible for this work. 
The common toad (Bufo americanus) is very fond of May-beetles 
and has been seen at night beneath electric lights, feeding on the beetles 
as they drop, and during the evening in pastures, capturing May-beetles 
as they issue from the soil. At Wellington, Kan., May 23, 1911, E. G. 
Kelly saw toads eating beetles beneath lights and as they emerged from 
the grass in the evening, and in one case he noticed that a single toad 
ate more than nineteen beetles in succession. Mr. A. H. Kirkland (43) 
concludes from an examination of the stomach contents of many speci- 
mens that May-beetles constitute about 6 per cent. of the food of the 
common toad, and similar conclusions have been reached by other 
observers. 
Frogs are also known to feed on May-beetles. In one frog’s stomach 
examined by Mr. C. W. Hargitt six May-beetles were found (33) ; in 
another, that of a medium-sized frog, as many as ten beetles were found, 
according to G. H. Perkins (55); and P. R. Hoy (39) speaks of having 
found 8 May-beetles in a large spotted frog. 
The slimy salamander (Plethodon glutinosus) may eat May-beetles, 
according to observations by Prof. H. A. Surface (71), who found the 
remains of a. Phyllophaga adult among the stomach contents of this 
animal. 
Field mice also evidently feed to some extent on May-beetles. At 
Deford, Mich., June 25, 1914, A. F. Satterthwait found quantities of 
. May-beetle fragments under trash in mice runways at the base of a 
partially. defoliated Carolina poplar; and G. H. Perkins (55) reports 
mice (probably referring to field mice) as feeding on Phyllophaga. 
Domestic ANIMALS 
None of the enemies of Phyllophaga that have been mentioned rank 
as high in this rdle as do some of our domestic animals, and of these 
pigs are by far the most important. Their fondness for May-beetles 
and white-grubs, more especially for the latter, has been commonly 
observed, and their use for controlling white-grubs has been recommend- 
