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of the insects have been found in a single corn-stalk, and one in the 
stem of the ear of the corn, no injury to the corn had resulted. 
Another closely related borer occurs in the stems of the Nelumbo 
or western water-lily or chinquapin (“yonkapin”). This species, so far 
as known, does not infest any other plant. 
OTHER INSECTS LIKELY TO BE MISTAKEN FOR 
THE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER 
In addition to the native borers already mentioned as closely related 
to the European corn-borer there are several others which might easily 
be mistaken for it by one not familiar with it. 
The Corn Ear-worm.—The most common of the above class is the 
corn ear-worm, a grayish, brownish, or greenish caterpillar found boring 
in the ends of the ears of sweet and field corn. When fully grown this 
caterpillar is about one and a half to two inches long, and varies greatly 
in its color and markings, some specimens being dark green with very 
few markings on the back or sides, others a light gray with quite distinct 
stripes, and still others coming somewhere between. these extremes. 
When placed under the microscope the skin of this caterpillar is seen to 
be covered with minute, dark, stubbed spines, which readily distinguish 
it from the European corn-borer, as the latter has no such spines. In 
addition to this character, the abdominal pseudopods of the ear-worm 
have an apical tranverse band of hooks, and not an almost complete 
circle as in the corn-borer. On becoming full-grown the ear-worm enters 
the ground and changes to a pupal or resting stage, in which it passes the 
winter, coming out early in spring as a yellowish or yellowish gray moth, 
with irregular dark spots distributed over the wings. The moth has a wing 
expanse of about one and a half inches, and flies mostly at night, feeding 
on the nectar of flowers. It is much more robust than the moth of the 
European corn-borer the thorax and abdomen being much stouter. The 
moths are very strong fliers, and, with a good wind behind them, may 
travel considerable distances, probably several miles. There are three 
generations of the ear-worm in each season, the moths of the first genera- 
tion laying their eggs on green, succulent plants and weeds, on the stems 
or leaves of which the larvae feed. The second generation feed on 
leaves of various plants, especially on sweet corn. Moths of the third 
generation appear about the time that the late and medium-late corn is in 
the fresh silk stage, and deposit their eggs in large numbers on the silks 
of such corn. These moths vary greatly in abundance from year to 
year, being usually most abundant after one or two dry seasons. This 
is one of our most destructive corn insects, especially injurious to sweet 
corn. Some of the large corn-canning companies in this state have some- 
times suffered losses of $30,000 to $40,000 in a single season, due to the 
ear-worm. In this state, corn is the principal crop injured by it, but 
