297 
Another species which bores in umbelliferous weeds and which also 
closely resembles the European corn-borer, is a small moth (Depressaria 
heracleana) of the family Tineidae which occurs in this country and in 
Europe. Like the tineid mentioned in the preceding paragraph it has 
three bristles on the infraspiracular spot on the prothorax (Fig. 23), 
but the bristling of the ninth abdominal segment is very different in the 
two species (cf. Fig. 27 and Fig. 24). 
Briefly stated, there are many species the larvae of which superficial- 
ly resemble the European corn-borer, but with the exception of the smart- 
weed-borer none of them which are likely to be found in corn in Illinois 
present all of the group characters enumerated in the next paragraph as 
distinguishing the European corn-borer and its allies. 
Doubtful specimens should always be sent to the Natural History 
Survey, Urbana, Ill., so that their identity can be established with cer- 
tainty. - 
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF THE CORN-BORER GROUP 
(Pyrausta nubilalis, P. penitalis, and P. obumbratilis.) 
Larvae.—Body with conspicuous round black or brown setigerous 
spots, ten on each of the thoracic and abdominal segments except the 
prothorax and the apical two abdominal segments. These spots are 
_ always conspicuous on the dorsum, and in penitalis only are they almost 
obsolete below the level of the spiracles. 
From species which have similar feeding habits the larvae may be 
distinguished by the following combination of characters: Prothorax 
with two bristles on infraspiracular and lateroventral spots (Fig. 13, 18), 
median abdominal pseudopods with an almost complete circle of small 
curved apical hooks which are arranged in three series at the broadest 
part of the circle (Fig. 21, 22), a small brown chitinized spot a short 
distance caudad of the spiracle on each of the segments which bear the 
pseudopods, supraspiracular spot on ninth segment with two bristles, the 
dorsum with a large transverse chitinized plate which bears two bristles, 
ocelli six in number, subequal in size, skin with minute chitinized dots 
at least on dorsum but wihout protuberances. 
Pupae.—Pygofers present but not very pronounced, fore femora 
exposed, tarsi not exceeding apices of wing-cases, apical segment with 
a number of curved bristles resembling small hooks; abdomen with very 
few hairs, and without distinct protuberances other than some very minute 
paired teeth on each side of the median line on dorsum. 
Adults —The group belongs to the family Pyralidae, subfamily 
Pyraustinae, genus Pyrausta. The species are very similar in general 
appearance, being yellowish or brownish with the basal and submarginal 
lines brown as a general rule, but in the case of nubilalis and some speci- 
mens of penitalis there is a tendency to have the fore wings with a more 
