298 
or less distinct broad central dark fascia between the dentate lines. In 
all three species the hind wings have distinct markings. 
Not infrequently specimens of larvae, pupae, or adults are found 
under circumstances which suggest the possibility of their being the 
European corn-borer, and in order to decide whether or not they do 
belong to that species it is necessary to subject the specimens, at least 
the larvae or pupae, to a careful microscopic examination. The prin- 
cipal character by means of which the European species may be dis- 
tinguished from its nearest allies is fortunately almost invariably per- 
ceptible by means of a hand lens with a magnification of ten diameters. 
The specific characters enumerated in this paper have been ascertained 
from an exhaustive examination of large series of specimens of the 
three species involved. . 
THE EvuROPEAN CORN-BORER 
(Pyrausta nubilalis Hub.) 
Larva (Fig. 6, 7).—In the size and comparative distance between 
the anterior submedian dorsal spots on the abdomen this species ap- 
proaches very closely to penitalis, but the minute chitinized points on the 
skin surface are continued much below the level of the spiracles and the 
infraspiracular and lateroventral spots are conspicuously blackish or 
brownish. Bristles of the prothorax and of the eighth and ninth ab- 
dominal segments as in Figures 13, 14, and 15. 
From obumbratilis (Bie. 2, ba left) this species may, almost in- 
variably be distinguished by the much more widely separated anterior 
submedian dorsal spots on the abdominal segments (Fig. 5a right, 10), 
these being separated by a much greater distance than the diameter of 
one spot, by the almost uniformly colored lateroventral spots (Fig. 16), 
the arrangement of the bristles laterocephalad of the abdominal pseudo- 
pods (Fig. 21) ; under a very high power lens, by the less compact nature 
of the chitinized points on the skin, their less close approximation to 
each other, and the less complete series of dots in the interspaces (Fig. 
12) ; and} seen under a very high power, the arrangement of the hairs 
and the small puncture slightly above the level of the ocelli differ from 
the same in obumbratilis as shown in the composite Figure 25, left side 
of figure. 
PLATE XXIX.—Fig. 9. Pyrausta obumbratilis, second and third abdominal seg- 
ments, from above. Fig. 10. Pyrausta nubilalis, the same. Fig. 11. Pyrausta_obum- 
bratilis, skin surface, highly magnified. Fig. 12. Pyrausta nubilalis, same. Fig. 13, 
14, 15. P. nubilalis, prothorax, and 8th and 9th abdominal segments, from the side. 
Fig. 16. P. nubilalis, lateroventral spot. Fig. 17. P. obumbratilis. same. Fig. 18. 
19, 20. P. penitalis, prothorax and 8th and 9th abdominal segments, from the side. 
Fig. 21. P. nubilalis, abdominal pseudopod. Fig. 22. P. obumbatilis. same. Fig. 23, 
24. Depressaria heracleana. prothorax and 9th abdominal segment, from the side. 
Fig. 25. Composite head of Pyrausta: nubilalis, left side of figure; obwmbratilis. right 
ide Fig. 26, 27. Tineid sp., prothorax and 9th abdominal segment of larva, from the 
side. 
