394 
and just below Senate Island in 1915. In the nine miles of deeper chan- 
nel between Mile 129 (1 mile above Liverpool) and Havana, the bottom 
is uniformly mud. The depth of the mud layer is nearly everywhere 
more than 8 feet, and in extreme instances 13 to 17 feet. The thickness 
of the mud stratum diminishes to about 7 feet opposite Havana, and a 
quarter mile farther south the mud quite gives way to a layer of mud 
and shells, which description of bottom continues nearly uninterrupted 
for the next 14 or 15 miles. The bottom soils found in the shore zones 
between Havana and Copperas Creek in 1915 were dark-colored soft 
mud throughout the 16.8 miles. 
Between the dam and Liverpool, bank to bank avictae at the low 
water of 1901 were much as between Pekin and Copperas Creek— 
usually 550 to around 700 feet; while the greatest depths were under 12 
feet. Below Liverpool the river narrows and deepens decidedly, as far 
as Mile 122.4—the beginning of the expansion formerly known as 
Havana Lake. In this six miles, widths at the 1901 low levels ranged 
from 329 to about 500 feet, and depths from 14 to 21 feet. Opposite 
Havana, for a distance less than half a mile above the mouth of Spoon 
River, the wide water spread over the Havana bar (Havana Lake) 
showed an extreme width in the summer of 1901 of about 1,300 feet; 
while maximum channel depths in the 3 miles above Mile 121 (1 mile 
above Havana) tapered off southward from more than sixteen to about 
seven feet. Recent extreme depths at midsummer low gages in the 
lower half of this reach have ranged from 4 to 5 feet more than the 
low-water depths given. 
WwTHs AND DEPTHS, CopPpERAS CREEK DAM TO Havana, Low Water, 1901 
Miles ; 
above Station Width, ft. | Depth, ft. 
Grafton ‘ mak 
136.6 500 yards below dam.......... 677 7.5 
ASCO «Uses ove cee ovate hows toto eiaceverral Maege 695 7.7 
PBA Bre WWastere tea hielo sense erat eerie comme eee 475 8.6 
LSB Krol l\rsperc severe pesavcle cic eeapeaetee eee pets 586 8.3 
132.5 1 mile below foot Senate Island 549 11.8 
DOE AN hace. s eeecay ene out mils atoeye aerate oe Rarer 603 10.0 
129.0 1 mile above Liverpool........ 586 10.8 
DOB D ll Ae avatars tevocescnc ts, ieee payor ener ceae re 528 11.6 
128.0 TGLVET DOO! ke lsiece oss oho ccsele ei ehenee obetecs 439 14.6 
DAG OF ey cia escravatepenate ayetersaerSsare RIE rO era TS 439 17.0 
A PATS TemU Ronn rea omer crore haa TOS e cee 16.7 
D260: |}: fayeisliacereSieetlerinelastepaw ne teeetovene louretel eee 402 14.0 
ABUT sal caus, snscesapaun elses eho erarapevepSeebeweys avdy Greene Se 19.0 
DDB TAI Alaehevs soretaedecs, oer 2 cs wtece etre aateee ete hata ae ees 340 17.0 
125.0 5 miles above Havana.......... 329 21.0 
ply Ven Merete nis each Site ehoacks Gickacich opis CTO O 457 15.7 
123.0 Middle of “Hogfat Bend’”....... 475 16.3 
VD2:4 Tl Ne ater Spoheve ake eitiererciel aeis eieterensrers ieee 586 10.8 
121.0 Upper end “Havana Lake’”...... 1,299 7.0 
120.0 Cc. P. St. L. Piers, Havana...... 514 12.2 
