B. Those not caused by parasites. 

 1. CATAKKH OF THE NAi^AL PAt^8AGES. "PIP. 



All sorts of fowls, and especially the youug, take 

 cold easily wlien exposed in damp places. Au earth 

 Hoor in the poultry lioust', particularly if it is poorly 

 drained, is u fruitful source of colds. Poorly con- 

 structed buildings with cracks in the walls or broken 

 window panes, permitting a draught to blow through 

 and strike the fowls while roosting at night, is a com- 

 mon cause of cold. 



Colds are recognized by the well-known symptoms of 

 discharge fiom the nose, sometimes also from the 

 mouth, swelling of the eyelids, depression of spirits, 

 shown hy disinclination to move about actively, 

 marked loss of appetite, inclination to stand in a warm, 

 bright place, with the head drawn down and feathers 

 ruffled, and, if the fowl is a laying hen, cessation of egg 

 production. Since the nasal passage is stopped up the 

 fowl breaths more or less through the mouth, and this 

 may lead to diyness and hardening of the tip of the 

 tongue. This condition is often described by poulter- 

 ers as ''pip." and especially when young chickens are 

 affected. 



The ti'eatment is simple and consists first of all in 

 bettering the conditions to which the fowls are sub- 

 jected, and thus removing the cause of the disease. 

 Holes in the roof and sides of the buildings should be 

 patched, broken window panes replaced, and if it is not 

 possible to keep the floor of the poultry house dry at 

 all times it should be removed to another location. 

 The fowl should be placed in a warm, dry coop, where 



