A. Those not caused by parasites. 



1. ("ATAHKH OF THR 



When, for anv reason, 

 the contents of the crop 

 stagnate for an unusual 

 length of time it may 

 undergo fermentation, 

 just as food accumu- 

 lated in any other 

 warm, moist place 

 would undergo fermen- 

 tation, and this results 

 in the production of a 

 rather irritative com- 

 pound which, acting for 

 a mO're or less pro- 

 longed period upon the 

 lining membrane of the 

 crop, produces a superli- 

 cial inflammation 

 known as catarrh. The 

 same result may occur 

 when parasites are em- 

 bedded in the lining 

 membrane of the crop 

 or when fowls eat irri- 

 tant materials. 



This condition may be 

 recognized by the ap- 

 pearance of a swelling 



DiQKSTivE Apparatus of birds. 



isiiphague: B. crop; f), infundio 



D. gizzard; E, liver; F, gall blad- 



in front of the breast <3er; O, pancreas; H. duodenum; I.small 

 Intestine; K, cteca; L, large intestine; M, 

 which is soft to pressure ureters; N, oviduct; O, cloaca. 



