41 



from 30 to 50 years. Approximate costs and returns per acre are as 



follows : 



*3-year old transplants, 1210 per acre f5.50 



Planting cost 7.50 



$13.00 



Compounded 50 yrs. at 4% this equals $92,387 



Taxes 50 cents per acre per annum compounded 50 years equals. . 76.333 



Total cost at 50 years $168.72 



• Can not be bought in Illinois at a reasonable price. 



The yield of 27,264 B. F. per acre at $20.00 per M. on the stump 

 equals $545. 



Net income at 50 years equals $545.00 minus $168.72, or $376.28. 



Discounted as a recurring crop or rental at 4 per cent this gives the 

 land a value of $61.62 per acre. The annual return at 4 per cent on this 

 value is $2.46 per acre. Thus after paying all expenses such as taxes 

 and planting co>ts, such a plantation returns annually $2.46 per acre per 

 year from a timber crop on land which, devoted to natural growth of 

 hardwoods does not return the taxes. 



In conclusion : — These sandy soils require a vegetative cover ; native 

 forests are uneconomical ; introduced species such as certain pines can 

 probably be grown at a profit ; and forestry in these regions is of an in- 

 tensive nature, involving planting. 



(3) Upland Hardzi-oods 



In the third upland type, the upland hardwoods, are included 60 per 

 cent of all the forests of the state, and 79 per cent of all upland forests. 

 It is that upland forest which grows on soils between the extremes of 

 open sand and tight loams over clays. The representation by species in 

 this type is very variable. The relative stability of .soil moisture appears 

 to exert a controlling influence over the composition of the forest. In 

 general, the fewest of species are found on those soils approaching the 

 heavy post oak soils, and the greatest variety, on deep well-drained sandy 

 loams. The gradation from forests made up almost entirely of oak and 

 hickory to those showing considerable variety is not usually distinct. The 

 following generalization for the upland hardwood type may be advanced : 

 Forests in the southern part of the state show a greater variety than those 

 in the northern ; those on non-glaciated regions a greater variety than 

 those on the glaciated ; those on moraines a greater variety than those on 

 the inter-morainal areas ; those in the broken eroded regions a greater var- 

 iety than those in the more level ; those on sandy loams a greater variety 

 than those on clayey loams ; and even those in virgin all-aged forests a 

 greater variety than those in even-aged stands. 



The annual growth on 35 fully stocked plots of this type varied 

 between 22 and 58 cubic feet per acre, with an average of 36.4 cubic feet 

 as compared with the average of 15.8 cubic feet for the post oak type, 

 and 28.6 cubic feet for the scrub oak type. 



