48 



Between the Cache and the Ohio rivers the uplands are from 3 to 

 18 miles wide and about 40 miles long. Gentle slopes lead up from the 

 Cache bottoms to the rolling uplands — about 150 feet above the bottoms — 

 and break abruptly to the Ohio. The deep fertile soils of this region 

 early invited settlers. The remnants of the splendid forests which 

 covered it are along the abrupt slopes. The present forests are similar 

 to those in the heavily wooded area near the western part of the Ozark 

 uplands ; but growth rates are better here, and one additional species, 

 chestnut, has established itself in one locality near Olmsted, Pulaski 

 county. 



This mixed hardwood subtype, with the species listed for the Ozark 

 uplands, is not found in the interior of the state north of the Ozarks, 

 but it extends almost to the headwaters of the Wabash to the east and 

 to the Kaskaskia along the uplands bordering the Mississippi in the west, 

 the variety of species decreasing in the northern advance. 



In the Wabash region, the upland soils are deep ; and near the main 

 river they show a tendency toward the sandy textures. Loessal deposits 

 occur in the form of low hills, usually within six miles of the main Wa- 

 bash bottomlands. The slopes are relatively gentle, the soils ckep, fertile 

 and well drained, and conditions ideal for tree growth. It was prob- 

 ably on these uplands that the large tulips measured by Dr. J. Schneck 

 were found (Ridgway, '83), and where even black walnut and red oak 

 attained a height of 150 feet. These splendid forests have disappeared. 

 The uplands are cultivated save for the few wood-lots covering the steeper 

 slopes, and these contain second-growth timber. Beech and ttilip extend 

 to Vermilion county, black gum to Lawrence ; cucumber-tree in Illinois 

 does not get beyond the Ozark uplands ; while red gum, which in the 

 Ozark region extends to the upland association, in this region is restricted 

 to the bottomlands. Basswood, ash, or hard maple may form high per- 

 centages of the stand. Beech is not a common tree. 



Along the Mississippi, the transition from the upland forests of the 

 Ozarks, with a great variety of species, to the mixed hardwoods of the 

 central and northern part of the state, is made in the thirty miles of bluffs 

 between the Big Muddy and the Kaskaskia rivers. This region is a con- 



