113 



Table VII gives the results of applications of lime sulfur and of 

 various miscible oils. Since these were applied in the same manner as 

 the oil emulsions mentioned in Tables II to VI inclusive, an inspection 

 of those tables will also give a comparison with the homemade emulsions. 



From the experiments made in 1922-23, it is apparent that in most 

 cases, a 2% lubricating oil emulsion will give a satisfactory kill of scale 

 if made from the proper oils and thoroughly applied. The effectiveness 

 of the same oil at different strengths, is shown in Table IX. Judging 

 from this record of treatment and of the examination of a fairly large 

 number of scale coming from several experiments, it is evident that a 

 3%' emulsion would be advisable in orchards where scale is very abundant 

 and increasing, but that a 2% emulsion will take care of ordinary infes- 

 tations when thoroughly applied. 



Experiments in Hartline Orchards, Anna, Illinois, 

 Winter of 1923-24 



After the spring of 1923, oil emulsions enjoyed a greatly increased 

 popularity due to their cheapness as compared with other oil sprays 

 and to their efficiency as scalecides as proved in trial tests by growers 

 and experiments in this and other states. A large number of oils were 

 advertised as suitable for making the stock emulsions, and insecticide 

 companies took advantage of the general turn from lime sulfur to oil 

 sprays and pushed the sale of their prepared oils. Cold-mixed emulsions 

 also were attracting more attention from the growers, and inquiries be- 

 gan coming in for more information in regard to them. To find an 

 answer to these questions, to gain further information, and to corrobo- 

 rate points brought out during the work of the two previous seasons, a 

 series of experiments was planned for the winter of 1923-34. These 

 were located in the apple orchards of Willis Hartline at Anna, and the 

 sprays were applied to trees that had become badly infested. The same 

 method of application was employed as in 1922-23, all treatments being 

 made with a hand sprayer, and great care taken that every scale should 

 be covered. Table IX gives the results of this work. It will be noticed 



