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In the latitude of southern Illinois, there is nearly a full first, nearly a 

 full second, and a partial third generation of this insect in one season. In 

 the latitude of northern Illinois, there is nearly a full first generation, a par- 

 tial second, but no third generation. The emergence of the moths of the sec- 

 ond generation extends over the entire summer, and ■ eggs of this generation 

 may be deposited in the north part of the United States as late as mid-August, 

 or even the first of September. In the south, eggs may be laid as late as 

 October. 



Control Mrasiirrs: While the Codling Moth, if left to itself, will infest 

 from 20% to 95% of the apples in an orchard, it is possible to reduce the num- 

 bers of this insect so that less than 5% of the apples will be injured. 



Spraying with arsenate of lead at the rate of from one to two pounds of 

 powder to fifty* gallons of spray material is the standard remedy for the 

 Codling Moth. It is highly important, however, that the sprays for this insect 

 be applied at the proper time. The first and most important spray is that 

 known as the petal-fall, or calyx, spray, which is applied when about three- 

 fourths of the petals have fallen from the apple blossoms. The spray should 

 not be applied when the trees are in full bloom because of the danger of poison- 

 ing honey bees. Special care should be used to hit the open calyx end of the 

 apples and fill the calyx cup with the poison spray. Careful spraying that 

 fills the calyx cup at this time will poison any young Codling Moth caterpillars 

 that try to enter the apples at the blossom end for the remainder of the season. 

 If spraying is delayed for more than a week after the petals fall, the calyx 

 cup will have closed, and it will be impossible to force the spray into the calyx 

 cup. A second application of spray should be made one week to ten days 

 after the fall of the petals, and a third, three weeks after the petals fall. 

 Tliese sprays are all for the first generation of the Codling Moth. 



The larvae of the second generation usually begin hatching from the eggs 

 about nine weeks after the fall of the petals. However, this period is sub- 

 ject to considerable variation, sometimes as mucli as three weeks in different 

 seasons. Owing to this fact, the time of the appearance of second and third 

 generation larvae should be obtained in advance from the entomologist. If 

 the notice of the time of appearance of the second generation larvae cannot 

 be obtained in this way, the spray for the second generation should be applied 

 nine weeks after the fall of the petals, and, in years when the Codling Moth 

 is abundant, another spray should be given two weeks later. 



* * * 



In the South, a spray tor third generation Codling Moths should be ap- 

 plied about August 15, and, during hot dry years, another spray should be 

 given to winter varieties of apples about September 1. 



Aside from spraying, there are several other measures which help in keep- 

 ing down the Codling Moth. These consist of a thorough clean-up of the 

 orchard, scraping the loose bark from old trees when the bark is scaling 

 badly and, in cases of exceptional abundance, banding the trees during the 

 summer. To get the best results from banding, place a strip of dark-colored 

 building paper or tar-paper, four or five inches wide, tightly around the tree 

 at a height of about two feet from the ground. Allow the ends to overlap 

 slightly, fastening them with a large tack. These bands should be examined 

 at least once a week and the Codling Moth larvae under them killeil. The 

 bands should be in place not later than June 1 in the latitude of southern Illi- 

 nois, and June 15 in the latitude of northern Illinois. Experimental work in 

 Illinois has shown that the tar-paper or building-paper bands are more attrac- 

 tive to the Codling Moth larvae than bands of burlap or cloth. Removing cull 

 apples from the orchard, and a thorough clean-up of refuse and rubbish around 

 the packing shed, will also help in keeping down the numbers of this insect. 



' If the paste arsenate of lead is used, double the amount. 



