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Angelica atropurpurea L. Occasional, along margins. 
Sium cicutefolium Gmelin. Occasional, in swamp margins 
near bluffs on alluvial bottoms. 
Cicuta maculata L. Common, in places with the preceding. 
Cicuta bulbifera L. Occasional in margins of swamps. 
Utricularia vulgaris L. Rare in quiet backwaters, in the 
more open places with alluvial ooze and underlying sand and 
springs. 
Polygonum amphibium L, Common in shoal water, in 
places, in the flooded bottoms and along margins of permanent 
backwaters. Habitat usually dry at low water. Stems often 
attaining a length of fifteen to twenty feet. 
Ceratophyllum demersum L. Abundant everywhere in shoal 
and deeper waters, often above low-water levels, and at times 
even encroaching upon channels where currents are main- 
tained. It grows in patches and dense masses, sometimes 
choking the smaller lakes from shore to shore. It occurs us- 
ually on bottom of soft alluvium, which in some places forms 
but a thin film above the hard sand beneath. It reaches the 
surface in early summer, and grows throughout the warm sea- 
son unless swept away by floods or seines. These agencies, 
combined with wind and decay, remove much of the summer’s 
erowth in the autumn. Large areas of bottom growth survive 
the accidents of the colder season and, together with the de- 
tached terminal buds, provide for the rapid recovery of the 
water meadows of Ceratophyllum in the following spring. 
Though essentially an immersed floating plant, this species has 
its lower stems fixed in the soft ooze of the bottom upon which 
they rest, and it thus becomes almost as firmly “rooted” as 
do the Potamogetons and similar plants. This species consti- 
tutes the greater mass of the aquatic vegetation of the larger 
impounding arid permanent backwaters. It is known in local 
parlance as “moss,” though this designation is not always con- 
fined to this plant. No true aquatic mosses have been found 
in this bottom-land region. This Ceratophyllum forms by far 
the greater part of the aquatic vegetation in this locality. 
