312 Vr. Spurzheitn's demonstrative Course of Lectures. 



sion be drawn, as in every other department of natural and phy- 

 sical science, that tlie characters of the mind are deducible 

 from the organization of the head. Bv multiplying his obser- 

 vations on the developed organs and the corre.spor.ding intellec- 

 tual faculties, Gall succeeded in forming and correcting his 

 physiognomical system, v.hich may be learned and improved by 

 succeeding students of human nature, who should always begin 

 with the move simple, and jiroceed to the more complex ; from 

 a head which has only one highly developed organ, to that which 

 has many; and finally to those whose organs arc all equally de- 

 veloped. Handel's organ of music, (a vertical and angular ridge 

 rising from the extremities of the eye-brows,) for instance, i^ 

 easily discovered. Exjierionce, exercise, and incessant observa- 

 tions, aided by multiplied collections of skulls, are necessary' to 

 make an expert craniognomist. Observers are also assisted by 

 the anatomy and physiology of the brain, by comparative anato- 

 my, (for there is the same difference in the faculties of animals 

 as of men,) by partial insanities, and by miuiicrv. It is however 

 absurd to expect that j^hysiognomy should be accompanied 

 with the spirit of prophecy, or be required to tell Avhether a per- 

 son should ever become insane. This is impossible : yet, if one 

 faculty be indulged above all the others, and the person be- 

 come diseased so as to debilitate him, insanity may be antici-r 

 pated as a consequence. Thus, if the organ of self-love, or 

 pride, (an elevation on the top of the crov\'n,) be extremely 

 developed, derangement may supervene. But there is no 

 difference in the configuration of madmen's skulls : insanity 

 is irerely a disease, which produces no greater changes on 

 the figure of the brain, than diseases in general in other parts 

 of the body : if the eye, for instance, be inflamed, its external 

 form is not consequently changed : if the thorax or any other 

 part be diseased, a change of form does not necessarily follow. — 

 National physiognomy and craniogiiomy. An aboriginal French- 

 man, German, or Englishman, may change his pronunciation 

 and language, but cannot the configuration of his skull. Mi- 

 micry or expression indicates the activity and energy of the fa- 

 culties. As the organs oi' the brain are directed upwards, down- 

 wards, backwards, or forwards, so is the body: thus, a proud 

 man always walks very erect, — and so of others*. 



* The number of instfiiices in wliicli Dr. S. has ]ii'in'nmcoH ri|,htiy on 

 persons has reuliy tisiuiiiilicd the int-ilical men of ti;c mctrupuhb. 



LII. Ill' 



