onDrs. Gall and Spurxheim' s Physiognomonical System. 377 



organ of pride. Vanity has two organs, pride only one ; tlie im- 

 pulses of the former are double, the latter single ; the one con- 

 siders himself with relation to mankind, the other regards him- 

 self alone. Insanity arises much oftener from pride than vanity. 

 A vain man looks around and asks himself will such or such a 

 thing please ? shall I be applauded or censured ? a proud man 

 satishes himself and cares for no more. Women who are often 

 vain have this organ of approbation strongly developed ; it ap- 

 pears in all characters ; a coachman is pleased witli being told 

 that he manages his horses well; a general, his army. Emu- 

 lation is founded in this sentiment ; it is called a man's weak- 

 ness, but is in reality his strength. 



XII. Orcran (if cautiousness. This sentiment leads to doubt- 

 ing, scepticism, irresolution, anxiety, fear ; excessive cautious- 

 ness accompanied with bodily debility, disposes to melancholy, 

 and thence to suicide. One man advances without any consi- 

 deration of difliculties, while another says on every occasion, 

 " take care," and has cautiousness. This organ appears in the 

 breadth approaching squareness of tlie posterior part of the 

 head; in women it is generally very distinctly marked. This 

 sentiment explains how a man may have courage, and yet be at 

 the same time fearful. 



XIII. Organ of lenevoUnce. Gall discovered this organ by 

 taking a cast of gentleman's servant, wno was remarkable for 

 meekness of character ; lie observed a ])eculiarly high elevation 

 on the centre of the forehead, just at the comnieucement of the 

 hair; extending his observations, he found the same feature in 

 all persons distinguished for benevolence and meekness of cha- 

 racter. The skull of a carib is flat and without benevolence. 

 Seneca remarkable for this central ridge and for his benevolence. 

 Animals as well as men have this sentiment ; skulls of tlie cha- 

 mois and roe^ the former less elevated in front and with less 

 good nature. There is a great difference in this respect be- 

 tween animals of the same species ; instances in the skulls ot 

 two monkies ; horses having a vertical ridge between the eyes 

 are always meek and good natured ; without it, they kick ; dogs 

 with this feature are mild; without it, and being wide between 

 the ears they bite. Thus, observed the lecturer with much na- 

 tural eloquence and felicity of expression, we have seen that 

 " a good heart is actually situated in the head." Benevolence 

 is passive in animals and active in \v.qw ; in him it is often called 

 pity, compassion, clemency, hospitality, christian charity, &;c. Is 

 cruelty a want of benevolence ? No ; it has been already proved 

 that no negative produces a positive faculty ; but it checks and 

 modulates cruelty. 



Led. 



