350 Process for preparing, with a Description of some 
be consumed in =>}5,th of a second: and as a candle may be 
seen in a dark night, the air being clear, at the distance of five 
miles, a sphere of ten miles in diameter, containing 523 cubic 
miles, is filled with light in —,,th part of a second. 
But as the heat of a candle cannot produce any sensible ef- 
fect at a greater distance than a few yards, we may suppose 
that heat is specifically heavier than light. Oxygen gas is 
heavier than hydrogen gas in the ratio of 15 to 1, because the 
former contains more water than the latter. Let it, therefore, 
be ‘supposed that the quantities of matter contained in light and 
heat be in the ratio of 1 to 15, which appears to be considera- 
bly within the bounds of probability, then a quantity of matter 
of about >;5th* part of a grain may be so attenuated and 
modified by the elements of combustion, thermogen and photo- 
gen, as to fill a space =523 cubic miles in =>,5th part ofa 
second of time. 
Hence we see that, although matter is passive and inert, yet, 
by being acted upon by the invisible imponderable elements, it 
is made to put on an infinite variety of new forms, without a 
single atom being lost. And the wonderful effects which are 
thus produced on the. living functions of animals, and vegetables, 
is a field of investigation that is almost boundless. 
, Lynn, May 12, 1814. E. WALKER. 
[To be continued. | 
LXXIV. Process for preparing, with a Description of some of 
| the Properties of, the refined Ox Gall, invented and prepared 
by Pevtro Witt1am Tomxins, Esq. Historical Engraver to 
Her Majesty, No. 53, New Bond-Street, Londont. 
Ox Gat deprived of its tendency to putridity, and its colouring 
matter, so detrimental to all delicate colours, is prepared in the 
following manner: 
Process. 
To a pint of fresh ox gall, boiled and skimmed, put one ounce 
of alum, finely powdered; continue it on the fire until combined; 
when cold, put it into a bottle, and cork it moderately close. 
' To another pint of fresh ox gall, also boiled and skimmed, 
“ae of st0 = sooo 
+ The above is accompanied in the Transactions of the Society of Arts for 
1813, whence we have copied it, with numerous certificates from our first 
artists, all concurrang in the valuable properties of the refined ox gall.-- 
The lesser gold medal of the Society was voted to Mr, Tomkins for his 
communication. 
: put 
