Report of the Progress of the Sciences in France. 433 
found near Valence in Dauphiny; near Roanne, and Orleans; in 
the plains of Ulm, and at Rome; in Silesia, and at Burgos in 
Spain. 
The Isle of Sheppy at the mouth of the Tharfes has also 
presented sone fresh-water shells. Faujas has also seen them 
on the banks of the Rhine, near Mentz, and at Frankfort on 
the Maine. 
Risto has made us acquainted with the shells which are found 
in the environs of Nice. 
«© The waves,” he observes, “ acting continually on the rock, 
detach these marine petrifactions, polish them, mix them with 
the sea shells of the present day, and the remains of the terres- 
trial mollusce carried along by the pluvial waters :—the whole 
form new deposits, which will perhaps be znigmatical subjects of 
meditation for future generations. 
Most of these naturalists have said that the soils in which 
these fresh-water shells are found had always been formed in 
these fresh waters, and they call them soils of fresh-water for~ 
mation. 
’ It. cannot be denied that there have been strata formed in 
fresh water after the retreat of the sea. We see them formed 
every day in lakes of fresh water ; but we cannot say that all the 
soils in which fossil fresh-water shells are found have always 
been formed in fresh water. For we have seen in these very soils, 
as at Montmartre, shells which are not sea shells, bones of qua- 
drupeds of terra firma, &c. ; the latter evidently washed by cur- 
rents of water. The fresh-water shells must also have been 
brought there by the waters, as observed by Risso at Nice. In 
fact, it cannot be doubted that the fresh water which daily flows 
into the sea, carries with it the remains of animals and vegeta- 
bles of terra firma, and the remains of animals and vegetables 
which live in fresh water. Thus the waters of the Seine may 
carry to Havre planorbes, lymnew, bulimi, from the fresh water 
of the environs of Paris. 
The greatest part of these shells is broken, as observed at 
Grignon, but some are preserved perfectly entire, 
4 FOSSIL QUADRUPEDS. . 
We have had a great number of observations on the fossils of 
the mammiferous and oviparous quadrupeds. Cuvier has brought 
them all under view in one work, and added his own obser- 
vations, 
He has spoken of 78 fossil quadrupeds, as well viviparous as 
viparous. 
Twelve are analogous, he says, to living animals: these are, 
1. Akind of hippopotamus. 
2. The stag. ‘ 
Vol. 43, No. 194, June 1814, Ee 2. The 
