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Report of the Progress of the Sciences in France. 435- 
tus. Pythagoras had seen them, according to Ovid. But our 
knowledge in this respect has made great progress latterly. 
Lamarck and Defrance have made us well acquainted with 
those in the environs of Paris. Cuvier, Brognard, Faujas, and 
Brard, have laboured in the same field with success. 
We distinguish three orders of fossil shells, viz. sea shells, 
fluviatile, and terrestrial. 
The sea shells are the most numerous. In the depot of Gri- 
gnon alone, nearly 690 species are found, the species or genera 
of which exist at present in different seas, far asunder. 
Most of the same species are to be found at Courtagnon near 
Rheims, according to Lamarck. 
Fluviatile and terrestrial shells are less numerous. Daudebert 
Ferrusac counts 83 known species: 21 helices and bulimi; 
1 vertigo; 24 lymnee; 10 planorbi; 1 physis ; 5 cyclostomes ; 
11 paludines; 1 potanidis; 3 melanopsides ; 3 melanies; 2 
shells approaching to the bulimus glans; J neritine. Twenty- 
five of these species, he adds, have their analogous species in 
the same soil. Eight have their analogous species now existing 
in the Indies and America, Fifty have no analogies, so far as has 
been hitherto discovered. 
Of Crustaceous and Fossil Insects. —At Maestricht as well as 
at other places crustaceous fossil insects have been discovered, 
and every naturalist is acquainted with the insects in amber. 
Of Fossil Madrepores.—All these productions in the fossil 
state are very abundant. 
Of Fossil Vegetables.—Fossil vegetables are extremely abun- 
dant, since they enter into the composition of the immense 
quantity of coal and peat moss with which the earth abounds. 
We also find great quantities of fossil and petrified wood, &c. 
Some of these productions seem never to have been removed 
from the place where they are found, such as the forest of Palm- 
trees observed by Audenrieth on the banks of the Neekar, and 
Mas forest observed by La Fruglaie on the sea-coast near Mor- 
alx. , 
But the greater number appear to have been carried to di- 
stances more or less considerable. 
a. Generally we only find separate portions of the skeletons 
of animals, such as the teeth, thigh bones, and never the en- 
tire organized beings. 
Lb. We find collected in the same depot, marine, fluvial, and 
terrestrial fossils. 
c. Fossils have their analogous fossils in countries far distant 
from each other. 
The above facts therefore indicate that these fossils have been 
carried ; 
Ee2 d. by 
