An Apparatus to prevent the Acatmulat'ion of Air. I73 



the other, when the lees of wine have remained in the cask, 

 aUhoDgh they are emptied out at the time of tunning. 

 Willennoz proposes to correct or destroy this taste hy 

 means of lime, carhonic acid gas, and oxy-mmiatic gas. 

 Others advise the wine to be fined and racked ofl with care, 

 and then to be infused two or three days upon toasted grains 

 of wheat. In Burgundy, they pour the fusty v^ine upon 

 the lees of well- tasted wine, and afterwards fine it. 

 4, Of Bitterness in PVines. 



Some wines, especially those of Burgundy, acquire by 

 age a taste of bitlernL'ss. This is owing to the total preci- 

 pitation of the ferment, and the complete decomposition of 

 the sugar, which set at liberty the acerb or astringent prin- 

 ciple contained in these liquors. M. Chaptal recommends 

 these wines to be re-poured upon the lees, and that there 

 should be added to tliem a solution of sugar, or what is still 

 belter, a pint of nuisted wine to every cask. 



In addition to these alterations already pointed out, wines 

 are susceptible of several others, such as a mouldy taste, 

 loss of colour, rancidity, &c. I cannot now enter upon 

 these, I will only mention that the rancid taste in wines is 

 owing; to the pn-cipitation of the tartar and the formation 

 of a small ([uantity of acetic ether, at the expense of the 

 alcohol and acetic acid contained in the wine, as has been 

 shown by M. V^auquelin. 



XXV. All Apparatus for preventing the Accumulation of Air 

 in Conduit Pipes, &fc. &c. By Joseph Stkevens, Esq. 



To Mr. Tilluch. 



Sir, It having been oijjected by many, that the mode 

 proposed for supplying the Sea-water Baths and Infirmary 

 (intended to i)e established in the vicinity of London), by. 

 means of iron pipes from Southend, would be ineffectual, 

 on account of the quantity of air that would acnmulate at 

 certain elevated |)oints, over which the pipes will pass. I 

 bcii to lay before those persons and the public, through the 

 medium of your publication, the following sirnijle appa- 

 ratus, which 1 intend to attach to the pipes lur this purpose. 

 ■ i am, sir. 



Your most obedient humble servant, 



No. 2, Tower Royal, Fel). 29, 18i--'. JoSiiPK StKEVENS. 



AB (Pi. IV.) is a portion of an iron f)'|)e for conducting 

 tvater ; c is a tube of about two iiuhes diameter, and six 



inches 



